196 LI 3HESTACEI. [RAMALINA. 



distinct and prominent. In the specimens gathered, which were old and 

 sterile, the thallus is of a sordid-brown colour. 



Hob. On the trunks of old oaks in open places in a wooded tract. 

 Distr. Local and scarce in S. England. B. M. : New Forest, Hants. 



d. Thallus firm, solidly corticate, subroundly compressed or super- 

 ficially unequal ; cortical layer externally amorphous, internally 

 filainentose. 



9. R. scopulorum Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 604. Thallus 

 rigid, more or less compressed and shining, smoothish or longitu- 

 dinally unequal, lineari-laciniate. pale-greyish or pale straw-coloured ; 

 lacinise sublinear, attenuate (medulla K-f yellowish, then rusty-red). 

 Apothecia subpedicellate, marginal and subterminal, moderate, pale- 

 testaceous or pale-glaucous, the receptacle somewhat smooth ; spores 

 oblong, straight, 0,012-19 mm. long, 0,0045-65 mm. thick. Gray, 

 Nat. Arr. i. p. 407 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 68 ; 8m. Eng. Fl. v. 

 p. 225 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 85 ; Mudd, Man. p. 74 ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit, p. 25 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 91, ed. 2, p. 476, 

 ed. 3, p. 88. Lichen gcopulorum Eetz. Obs. Bot. fasc. iv. (1791) 

 p. 30 ; Dicks. Crypt, fasc. iii. p. 18 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 57 ; 

 Eng. Bot. t. 688. Most of these references belong only in part to 

 this species, from which until recently It. cuspidata was not clearly 

 distinguished. It is also the Lichen calicaris pro parte of the older 

 British authors. Brit. Exs. : Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 247 ; Bohl. n. 112. 



Recognized by the shining, rigid, cartilaginous thallus and the chemical 

 reaction of the medulla. It varies in length, and is often little branched. 

 The apothecia are common and usually abundant, though in shady places 

 it is generally sterile. The spermogoues are frequent, with spermatia 

 oblongo-cylindrical, 0,0035-45 mm. long, 0,0010-15 mm. thick. 



Hnb. On rocks in maritime districts. Distr. General and common on 

 most of the rocky coasts of Great Britain and the Channel Islands, pro- 

 bably also of Ireland. B. M. : Grosnez Common, Island of Jersey ; 

 Islands of Guernsey and Sark. Bolt Head, S. Devon ; St. Michael's 

 Mount, Land's End, and Lamorna Cliff, Cornwall ; St. Mary's, Scillv 

 Islands ; Hailech Castle, Merionethshire ; Port Soderick, Isle of Man"; 

 Holv Island. Noi'thumberland. Solway Frith, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Isle 

 of May, Frith of Forth ; Ailsa Craig, Frith of Clyde ; Island of Mull 

 and Airds, Appin, Argyleshire ; Portlethen, Kiucardineshire ; Applecross, 

 Ross-shire ; Orkney Islands. 



Yar. /3. incrassata Xyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. ser. 2, iv. 

 (1870) p. 15. Thallus smaller, thickish, rigid, subopaque, tuber- 

 euloso-difform, shortly laciniate, sparingly divided (medulla K + 

 yellow and then rusty-red). Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 147 ; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 89. Brit. Exs. : Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 324. 



A small, thick, stunted, and deformed plant, with the thallus scarcely 

 shining and less divided, and with broad, short lacinise. It is often 

 tuberculoso-rugose from the numerous prominent spermogoues. The 

 apothecia in British specimens are sparingly present. 



Jfitb. On rocks in maritime tracts. Distr. Local and rare in tho 



