218 LICHENACEI. [CETRAEIA. 



leatus Schreb. Fl. Lips. (1771) p. 125. Lichen Islandicm y Htids. 

 Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 539. Coralloides fruticuli specie fitscum. sf>ino- 

 sum Dill. Muse. p. 112 pro parte. Lichenoidcs non tubulosum ramo- 

 sissimum fruticuli specie, rufo-nigrescens Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, 

 p. 66, n. 10 pro parte. Brit. Exs.: Mudd, n. 50 ; Leight. n. 3; 

 Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 163. 



A very distinct species, variable in size and degree of spinulosity, and so 

 giving rise to several forms. The apothecia are not common in Britain, 

 and the spermogones are but occasionally seen. They are very minute, 

 blackish, situated on the apices of the marginal cilia, with spermatia 0,004 

 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hah. On the ground in sandy and gravelly places among grasses and 

 heath of moorlands in upland and subalpine tracts. Distr. Not very 

 general nor common, though occurring here and there in most parts of 

 Great Britain ; rare in the Channel Inlands ; not seen from Ireland. 

 B. M. : Quenvais, Island of Jersey. North Wootton, Norfolk ; Reigate 

 Heath, Surrey ; Lyndhurst Common, Hampshire ; Dartmoor, Devonshire; 

 Malvern Hills and Ilartlebury Common, Worcestershire ; Charnwood 

 Forest, Leicestershire ; Island of Anglesea ; near Over, Cheshire ; Farn- 

 dale, Yorkshire; Haughrnond Hill, Shropshire; Gateshead, Durham; 

 Kilhope Law, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; 

 Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Glen Lochay, Ben Lawers, and Birnam 

 Hill, Perthshire ; Baldovan Woods and Clova, Forfarshire ; Lochnagar, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire; Culbin, Elgin- 

 shire. 



Form 1. hispida Cromb. Linn. Soc. Journ. Bot. xvii. (1880) 

 p. 561. Thallus smaller, more slender and intricate, densely caespi- 

 tose. Apothecia numerous. Lichen hispidus Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 (1777) p. 883; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 43; Eng. Bot. t. 452. 

 Cetraria aculeata var. muricata Ach., Cromb. Lich. Biit. p. 26; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 98, ed. 3, p. 93. Coralloides fruticitli specie 

 fuscum, spinosum Dill. Muse. 112, 1. 17. f. 31 A. Brit. Exs. : Leight. 

 n. 4; Mudd, n. 49. 



Grows in low dense tufts, about i to 1 inch high, and occasionally 

 spreads very extensively. The thallus is densely branched, more or less 

 spinulose, and is often darker in colour than in the type. Usually well 

 fertile with crowded apothecia, which are sometimes comparatively large. 

 The SDermogones in otherwise barren specimens are numerous. 



Hob. On the ground of moorlands in upland and subalpine districts. 

 Distr. Frequent in the hilly and mountainous tracts of Great Britain 

 more especially in the Central Highlands of Scotland ; very rare in S.W. 

 Ireland. B. M. : Hainault Forest, Essex ; Wokingham Heath, Bucking- 

 hamshire ; Lydd, Kent; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Scilly Islands, Corn- 

 wall ; Black Edge, near Buxton, Derbyshire ; Charnwood Forest. Leices- 

 tershire ; Longmynd, Shropshire ; Cwm Bychan, Merionethshire ; Breid- 

 den, Montgomeryshire ; near Beverley and" Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Kent- 

 mere, near Kendal, Westmoreland ; Asby, Cumberland. New Galloway, 

 Kirkcudbrightshire ; Dalmahoy Hill and'Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; 

 Ben Lawers, Craig Tulloch, Rannoch Moor, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, 

 Montrose links, and near Cortachy, Forfarshire ; Glen Dee and Glen 

 Muick, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Hills of Applecross, Ross-shire. Kil- 

 larney, co. Kerry. 



