226 LICHEXACEI. [PIATl'SMA. 



t. 1606. Lichenoides endivice foliis crispis splendentibns, subtus 

 niyricantibus Dill. Muse. 192, t. 25. f. 96. Brit. Exs. : Mudd, 

 n. 54 ; Leight. n. 44 ; Bohl. n. 79. 



The thallus often spreads extensively over the substratum to the ex- 

 clusion of all other lichens. It varies in colour from ivory -white above 

 to pitch-black beneath, and also in the length and breadth of the laciniae ; 

 when more depressed it is often somewhat parmelioid. The apothecia, 

 which in old plants become large and deformed, are rare in this country ; 

 nor are the spermogones very common, at least in dried specimens. They 

 are papilloso-tuberculose, with sterigmata 2-4-articulate, and spermatia 

 about 0,007 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hab. On trunks of trees, walls, rocks, and on the ground, in upland 

 and subalpine localities. Distr. General and usually plentiful in the 

 mountainous tracts of Great Britain ; very abundant and luxuriant iu the 

 Central Highlands of Scotland ; not very frequent in Ireland ; rare in the 

 Channel Islands. B. M. : Boulay Bay, Island of Jersey. Near Sprous- 

 ton and at Sail. Norfolk ; High Beech, Epping Forest, Essex ; New Forest, 

 Hants ; Hay Tor and Lustleigh Cleeve, Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Lamorna 

 and Helminton, Cornwall ; Charnwood Forest and Gopsall Park, Leices- 

 tershire ; near Matiock, Derbyshire ; Craigforda near Oswestry, Shrop- 

 shire ; near Barmoutb, and Dolgelly, Merioneth; Island of Anglesea; 

 Kildale Moor, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale and Cronkley Fell, Durham ; 

 Stavely Head, Westmoreland ; Ashgill, Cumberland. New Galloway, 

 Kirkcudbrightshire ; near Loch Skene, Moffat, Dumfriesshire ; Pentland 

 Hills and Swanston Wood, near Edinburgh ; near Inverary and Loch 

 Creran, Argyleshire; Killin, Ben Lawers, Loch Earn, and Birnam Hill, 

 Dunkeld, Perthshire ; Deerhill Wood, Forfarshire ; Countesswells Wood, 

 near Aberdeen ; Glen Callater and Lion's Face, Braemar ; near Forres, 

 Elginshire ; Glen Nevis and Loch Ennich, Inverness-shire ; Hills ol 

 Applecross, Ross-shire. Killamey, Lough Brui and Finnchey Bridge, 

 co. Kerry. 



Form 1. fallax Kyi. Syn. i. (1860) p. 314. Thallus cither 

 whitish, maculate or almost entirely whitish beneath, the laciniae 

 often roore or less dissecto-fimbriate at the margins. Apothecia as 

 in the type. Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 27 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 103, ed. 3, 

 p. 98. Cetraria. qlauca ft. fallax Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 57 ; Sm. Eng. 

 Fl. v. p. 220 ; Mudd, Man. p. 80. Lichen fallax Web. Spicil. Fl. 

 Germ. (1778) p. 244 ; Dicks. Crypt, fasc. i. p. 13 ; With. AIT. ed. 3, 

 iv. p. 53 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2373. Lichenoides membranaceitm, tvbce FalJo- 

 piame cemulum Dill. Muse. 165, t. 22. f. 58. Brit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 55. 



Distinguished by the colour of the under surface of the thallus, which is 

 sometimes variegated with black and white, and at other times is almost 

 entirely whitish. With us it is very rarely fertile, the state in which 

 the lacinise are dissecto-fimbriate (coralloidea Wallr., Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 //. c.) being here as elsewhere always sterile. 



Hab. On the trunks of old trees in shady woods, rarely on moist rocks, 

 in upland districts. Distr. Rather local and scarce in S., W., and N. Eng- 

 land, in Central Scotland, and in S. W. Ireland. B. M. : Dartmoor, 

 Devonshire; Helminton, Cornwall; Garth, Dolgelly, Merionethshire; 

 Ingleby Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Near Inverary, Argyleshire ; Glen 

 Falloch, Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Glen 

 Nevis, Lochaber, Inverness-shire. 



