KVEKXIA.] PARMELTEI. 229 



of the typically fruticulose thallus, but he now more correctly refers it 

 to the Parmi'lit'i. The structure of the apothecia, the presence of rhi/.in;e 

 sparingly in one of the species, and other characters ally it to Parmelia, 

 from which, as Nylander observes (Flora I. c.), it scarcely differs gene- 

 ric-ally. Indeed in Parmelia we have sometimes the same fruticulose 

 habit, as in P. Kamtschadalis ; while in the section of P. physodes (and 

 the species of Evernia approach very near to P. vittata) the thallus is 

 similarly glabrous beneath. 



1. E. prunastri Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 442 Thallus at first 

 ascending, then more or less pendulous, sublacunoso-rugose, laciuiate, 

 greenish- white above, beneath white, subcanaliculate ; lacinia? much 

 and dichotomously divided, lineari-attenuate, usually involute and 

 frequently sorediiferous at the margins (K_ e w , CaCl~). Apo- 

 thecia subpedicellate, moderate, chiefly lateral, reddish-brown, the 

 margin inflexed ; spores 0,007-10 mm. long, 0,0045-60 mm. thick. 

 Gray,Xat. Arr. i. p. 425 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 61 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. 

 v. p. 224 : Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 84 ; Mudd, Man. p. 72 ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 24 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 90, ed. 3, p. 82. 

 Lichen prunastriLmu. Sp. I'l. (1753) p. 1147; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 452; 

 Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 835 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 52 ; Eng. Hot. 

 t. 859. Lichenoides cornutum bronchi/tie molle, subtus incanum Dill. 

 Muse. 160, t. 21. f. 55 A. Lichenoides arboreum ramosum ma jus 

 et mollius, cilore candicante Dill, in Kay, Syn. p. 75, n. 80. Brit. 

 Exs. : Leight. n. 36 ; Mudd, n. 41 ; Larb. Caesar, n. 59 ; Lich. Hb. 

 n. 246 ; Bohl. n. 64. 



Varies considerably according to age and habitat, but always easily 

 recognized. The thallus in old plants is covered with white confluent 

 soredia on the margins, which are sometimes also sparingly scattered 

 over the surface of the Iacinia3 (form sorediata Ach.). The apothecia are 

 rare in this country, and the spermogones are also seldom seen. They 

 are externally black, colourless within, with spermatia 0,006-7 mm. long, 

 about 0,005 mm. thick. 



Hab. On the trunks and branches of trees, chiefly firs, and on hedge 

 bushes, in wooded upland tracts. Distr. General and usually plentiful 

 in most parts of Great Britain and Ireland ; rarer in the Channel Islands ; 

 abundant in old fir woods in the Grampians, Scotland, where also it is 

 frequently fertile. B. M. : Islands of Jersey and Guernsey. Epping 

 Forest and near Waltharnstow, Essex ; Shiere, Surrey ; Lydd, Kent ; 

 St. Leonard's Forest, Sussex ; New Forest, Hants ; Ullacombe^ near Bov ey 

 Tracey, S. Devon ; near Penzance and Withiel, Cornwall ; Cirencester, 

 Gloucestershire ; Madingley, Cambridgeshire ; near Milton, Oxfordshire ; 

 Twy cross, Leicestershire ; near Bank House, Derbyshire ; Malvern, Wor- 

 cestershire; Oswestry, and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Cwm Bychan, 

 Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea ; near Kendal, Westmoreland ; 

 Gibside Woods, Durham ; Louusdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Hall Mil 1 , 

 Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Currie, near Edin- 

 burgh ; Falls of Clyde, Lanark ; near Glasgow ; Appin, Argyleshire ; 

 Killin, Aberfeldy, and Blaeberry hill, Perthshire ; Deerhill Wood, For- 

 t'arshire ; Countesswells Woods, near Aberdeen, and Ballochbuie Forest, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus Woods, Inverness-shire ; Caw- 

 dor woods, Nairushire ; Lairg, Sutherlandshire. Near Belfast, co. Antrim ; 

 near Cork ; Killarney, co. Kerry ; Connemara, co. Galway. 



