PAHMELIA.] PARMELIE1. 245 



But. I.e. it evidently originates from the nodular excrescences on the 

 thallus of the preceding form becoming detached. 



Hab. On the ground in alpine situations. Distr. Found only on one 

 of the N. Grampians, Scotland. B. M. : Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeen- 

 shire. 



13. P. Borreri Turn. Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. (1808) p. 148, t. 13. 

 p. 2. Thallus suborbicular, cartilagineo-inembrauaceous, appressed, 

 imbricato-lobed, rugoso-sorcdiate, glaucous-grey or pale whitish- 

 grey ; beneath brownish or pale, subfibrillose, glabrous at the cir- 

 cumference ; lobes broad, rounded, sinuate, the soredia white-punc- 

 tiform (K + yeUow ,CaCl~ red , soredia CaCl + red). Apothecia 

 large, badio-reddish, the margin elevated, inflexed ; spores 0,011- 

 15 mm. long, 0,008-11 mm. thick. Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 199 ; Tayl. 

 in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 147 ; Mudd, Man. p. 94, t. ii. f . 29 ; Cromb. 

 Lich. Brit. p. 34 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 133, ed. 3, p. 122. Lichen 

 Borreri Eng. Bot. t. 1780. LicJisnoides glaucum perlatum, subtus 

 nig rum et cirrosum Dill. Muse. 147, t. 20. f. 39 c. Parmella red- 

 denda Stirt. in Scottish Naturalist, 1878, p. 298 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 ed. 3, p. 199, is an accidental state, in which the medulla (not the 

 soredia) gives no reaction with CaCl (c/r. Cromb. Grevillca, 1881, 

 p. 2ti).Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 231 ; Larb. Caesar, n. 20. 



Similar to P. sulcata, from which it is Distinguished by the thicker, 

 more rigid, smoother, less imbricate, appressed, differently coloured 

 thallus, and by the form of the soredia. These appear as numerous, ir- 

 regularly scattered, often impressed and pseudo-cyphelloid, whitish 

 punctate verrucae, giving it a rough aspect. The thalliue reactions, the 

 smaller spores, and the spermogones render it very distinct. In this 

 country the apothecia are rare and chiefly central, becoming irregularly 

 perforate in old age. The spermogoues have the spermatia lageuiform, 

 0,0045 mm. long, 0,0010 mm. thick. 



Hab. On trunks of old trees, rarely on rocks, in maritime and upland 

 wooded districts. Distr. General in S. and W. England ; rare in S. 

 Scotland, S. and S.W. Ireland, and the Channel Islands. B. M. : Rozel, 

 Island of Jersey ; near Jerbourg, Guernsey. Near Bury, Suffolk ; Wal- 

 thamstow, Essex ; Maidstone, Kent ; near Brighton and Henfield, Sussex ; 

 Hyde and Shanklin, Isle of Wight ; Basingstoke and Lyndhurst, Hamp- 

 shire ; near Penzance and Withiel, Cornwall ; Kemble, Gloucestershire ; 

 near Oxford and Charlton Camp, Oxfordshire ; Hindlip and Malvern, 

 Worcestershire ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; Harboro' Magna, W'arwick- 

 shire ; Barmouth and Dolgelly, Merionethshire ; Dynevor Castle, Car- 

 marthenshire ; near Kendal, Westmoreland. Near Dumfries ; New 

 Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire. Riverston, co. Cork ; near Limerick ; 

 Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 



b. Ocliroleucce. Thallus normally yellowish green, or pale 

 straw-coloured. 



14. P. caperata Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 210. Thallus expanded, 

 imbricato-lobed, rugulosc, pale yellowish-green or ochroleucous : 



