246 LICHENACEI. [PARHELIA. 



beneath black, paler and glabrous at the circumference, with few 

 rhi/.inae ; lobes siuuato-laciniate, rounded, subcrenulate at the mar- 

 gins (K + yellowish, CaCl ~). Apothecia moderate, badio-reddish, 

 the margin crenulate and often pulverulent; spores 0,017-20 mm. 

 long, 0,007-10 mm. thick. Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 437 ; Hook. Fl. 

 Scot. ii. p. 52 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 198 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. 

 ii. p. 146 ; Mudd, Man. p. 101, t. ii. f. 30 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 32; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 122, ed. 3, p. 114. Lichen caperatus Linn. Sp. 

 PI. (1753) p. 1147; Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, p. 543; With. Arr. 

 ed. 3, iv. p. 58 ; Eng. Bot. t. 654. Lichenoides caperatum,, rosacee 

 expansum, e sulphureo virens Dill. Muse. 193, t. 25. f. 97. Lichen- 

 oides crusta foliosa, ex cinereo et luteo virescente, inferne nigra et 

 Icevi Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 73, n. Q2.Brit. Exs. : Leight. 

 n. 77; Mudd, n. 73; Cromb. n. 140; Larb. Caesar, n. 63; Lich. 

 Hb. n. 251 ; Bohl. n. 123. 



The thallus, which is normally orbicular, frequently spreads exten- 

 sively. It is usually undulato-plicate, and often more or less granuloso- 

 pulverulent, except at the circumference. The apothecia, which are 

 comparatively rare, are usually scattered, but occur chiefly towards the 

 centre of the thallus. The spermogoues are minute, infuscate, with 

 spermatia 0,000-7 mm. long 1 , 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hal. On the trunks of old trees, on boulders, and on old pales, in 

 lowland and upland tracts. Distr. General and abundant in most parts 

 of England ; rarer in Ireland, the Channel Islands, and in Scotland, 

 where apparently it rarely extends beyond the S. Grampians. B. M. : 

 St. Brelade's and Boulay Bay, Jersey ; Island of Guernsey. Waltham- 

 stow and Hainault Forest, Essex ; near Tunbridge Wells, Kent ; Lewes, 

 Hastings, and near Brighton, Sussex ; Lyndhurst and near Lymington, 

 Hampshire ; Carisbrook and Ryde, Isle of Wight ; Ivy Bridge, Torquay, 

 Newton Bushell, and Totnes, S. Devon; Bocconoc, Penzance, and Withiel, 

 Cornwall ; St. Mary's, Scilly ; Elstree, Herts ; near Malvern, Worcester- 

 shire; Gamlinp-ay, Cambridgeshire; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire; 

 Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Cwm Bychan and 

 near Barmouth, Merionethshire; Hafod, Cardiganshire ; Island of Angle- 

 sea ; Llanberis, Carnarvonshire ; Keswick and Asby, Cumberland ; Tees- 

 dale, Durham ; Stavely, Westmoreland ; near Hexham, Northumberland. 

 New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; King's Park, Swanston Wood, 

 llivelstone and Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Airds, Appin, Argyle- 

 shire ; Blairdrummond, Aberfoyle, Kenmore, and Ben Lawers, Perthshire ; 

 Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. Rostellan, co. Cork ; Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 



15. P. sinuosa Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 207. Thallus suborbicular, 

 mcmbranaceous, divaricato-lobed, smooth, yellowish; beneath blackish 

 and black-fibrillose, paler towards the circumference ; Iacinia3 nar- 

 row, sinuato-pinnatifid, dilated and often sorediate at the apices ; 

 the sinuses wide, circular (Kf i^llow' then red ^aGP)- Apothecia 

 moderate, subplane, dark-brown, the margin thin, smooth, entire ; 

 spores 0,011-20 mm. long, 0,008-12 mm. thick. Gray. Nat. Arr. 

 i. p. 442 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 54 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 203 ; Tayl. 

 in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 149; Mudd, Man. p. 95 ; Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit, p. 33 ; Leight, Lich. Fl. p. 136, ed. p. 125. Lichen sinuosus 



