PARMELIA.] PARMELIEI. 259 



abundant and crowded in Otherwise sterile specimens, and are minute, 

 black, punctiform. with spermatia 0,000-7 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. 

 thick. 



Hob. On trees and old walls in maritime and upland districts Distr. 

 Not general nor common throughout Great Britain ; probably occurs in 

 Ireland : fertile chiefly in the Grampians, Scotland. B. M. : Hay Tor, 

 Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Black Edge, Bux- 

 ton, and Cromford Moor, near Matlock, Derbyshire ; Lickey Hills, Wor- 

 cestershire ; Wreldu Hill, Shropshire : Stormy Down, Glamorganshire ; 

 Nannau, near Dolgelly, Cwm Bychan, Garth, near Barmouth, Merioneth- 

 shire; Island of Anglesea ; Gateshead Fell, Durham ; near Kendal, West- 

 moreland. Near Inverary, Argyleshire ; Crianlarich, Killin, Ben Lawers, 

 and Moncrieff'e Hill, Perthshire ; Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen ; Castleton, 

 Morrone, aiid Glen Derry, Braemar ; Rothiemurchus Woods, Inverness- 

 shire ; Unst, Shetland. 



Form 1. labrosa Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 493. Laciniao with 

 the apices ascending, somewhat dilated, recurved and sorediate. 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 36 pro parte. Parmelia physodes f. recurva 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 126, ed. 3, p. 117. Parmelia phi/sodes Tayl. 

 in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 149. Lichen physodes Eng. Jtot. t. 126 

 (upper fig.). Lichenoides ceratopliyllon obtusius et minus ramosum 

 Dill. Muse. p. 154, t. 20. f. 49 c. Brit.Exs. : Leight. n. 48 pro parte, 

 n. 389; Mudd, n. 70; Cromh. n. 144; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 290 ; 

 Bohl. n. 13. 



Differs only in the recurved and sorediate apices of the laciniae. As 

 noticed by Acharius I.e. these, in consequence of being ruptured beneath, 

 dilated and inflated, present a pulverulent and verrucose small lip. It is 

 a mere condition, depending on age or nature of habitat, and not a variety ; 

 indeed it is difficult to find old specimens of the normal type of the species 

 in which some of the laciniae have not these characters, so that Acharius 

 subsequently (Syn. p. 218) with propriety regarded it as a mere state. 

 The apothecia are for the most part plentiful, becoming large in old age. 



Hab. On trees, old pales, rocks and walls, in maritime and upland 

 districts. Distr. General and common in most parts of Great Britain, 

 probably also of Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands ; fruiting freely in 

 the Highlands, Scotland. B. M. : Quenvais, Island of Jersey ; Island of 

 Guernsey. Walthamstow and Epping Forest, Essex ; Millhill, Middle- 

 sex ; Ardingley Rocks, Sussex; New Forest, Hampshire ; Withiel and 

 Penzance, Cornwall ; Sandy, Bedfordshire ; near Cambridge ; Charnwood 

 Forest and Gopsall, Leicestershire ; Church Stretton, Wrekin Hill, and 

 Stiperstones, Shropshire ; Cwm Bychan, Cader Idris, and near Dolgelly, 

 Merionethshire ; Lounsdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Windermere, West- 

 moreland; Ennerdale, Cumberland. Dairy, Kirkcudbrightshire; near 

 Glasgow ; Swanston Wood, Edinburgh ; Killin and Ben Lawers, Perth- 

 shire ; Deerhill Wood, Forfarshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Coun- 

 tesswells Woods, near Aberdeen ; Invercauld, Morrone, and Glen Caudlic, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus W r oods and Glen Morriston, 

 Inverness-shire; Forres, Elgin; Lairg, Sutherlandshire. Near Cork; 

 Dunkerron, co. Kerry. 



Form 2. tubulosa Mudd, Man. (1861) p. 97. Lacinite lax, 

 ascending, tubulose, turgid and sorediate at the apices. Apothecia 

 very rare. Parmelia ceratophylla e. tubulosa Schoer. Enum. (1850) 



s2 



