284 LICHENACEI. [NEPHKOMIUM. 



white, K ). Apothecia small or moderate, reddish-brown, the 

 receptacle crenulato-unequal at the margin and depresso-granulate 

 at the back ; spores 0,020-24 mm. long, 0,006-7 mm. thick. Cromb. 

 Lich. Brit. p. 28 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 104, ed. 3, p. 99. Nephroma 

 Icevigatum Ach. Syu. (1817) p. 242 ; Mudd, Man. p. 81. Nephroma, 

 resupinata Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 154. Lichen resupinatus 

 Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 453 ; Lightf. FL Scot. ii. p. 843 ; With. Arr. 

 ed. 3, iv. p. 71. Lichenoides fuscum, peltis posticis femtgineisDill. 

 Muse. 206, t. 28. f. 105 A. Lichenoides saxatile fuscum, pehis in 

 aversa foliorum superficie locatis Dill, in Hay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 77, n. 91. 

 Most of these synonyms refer no doubt to N. lusitanicum. Lichen 

 resupinatus of the older authors included other species, so that it 

 cannot be retained. 



Distinguished from the preceding by the absence of tomentum on the 

 upper and by the naked under surface of the thallus. The thallus is gene- 

 rally of moderate size, and rarely expanded. The apothecia are usually 

 numerous, though comparatively small, and the spermogones have the 

 spermatia 0,0035-0,040 mm. long (Jide Nyl.). 



Hob. On the trunks of old trees and on mossy boulders in mountainous 

 districts. Distr. Local and scarce in N. England and in the Grampians, 

 Scotland. B. M. : Keswick, Cumberland. Glen Lochay, Killin, Perth- 

 shire ; Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Craig Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



3. N. parile Nyl. Flora, 1885, p. 47. Thallus orbicular, mem- 

 branaceous, rotundato-lobed, smooth, subopaque, crisp and caesio- 

 sorediate at the margins ; beneath naked, rugulose, brownish-black 

 (medulla white, K ). Apothecia very rare, on short lobes ; spores 

 as in N. Icevigatum. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 77. Nephromium 

 Icevigatum var. parile Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 28 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 p. 105, ed. 3, p. 99. Nephroma Icevigatum ft. parile Mudd, Man. 

 p. 81. Nephroma parile Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 427 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. 

 p. 220. Lichen parilis Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 164, Eng. Bot. t. 2360. 

 Lichenoides fuscum, peltis posticis ferrugineis Dill. Muse. 206, t. 28. 

 f. 105 B, c.Brit. Exs. : Cromb. n. 41. 



Though regarded by more recent authors as a variety of the preceding, 

 this differs in the sorediate margins, the colour of the under surface, and 

 especially in the size of the spermatia. These, according to Nylander in 

 Ktt., are 0,004 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick ; so that it must again be 

 raised to its specific rank. The soredia, which are normally marginal, 

 are occasionally also more or less scattered over the surface, becoming 

 blackish in age. It rarely occurs fertile, and never so with us. 



Hob. On mossy rocks and boulders, and about the roots of old trees, in 

 wooded upland districts. Distr. Local in S. and W. England, in S. Scot- 

 land and among the Grampians, in S.W. and N. Ireland. B. M. : Ivy 

 Bridge, Hennock, near Bovey Tracey, Lustleigh Cleeve, and Totnes, S. 

 Devon ; Cound Moor and Craigforda, Shropshire ; Dolgelly, Twll Du, and 

 Rhewgreidden, Merionethshire ; Windermere, Westmoreland ; Braith- 

 waite, Cumberland. Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Barcaldine, 

 Argyleshire; Glen Lochay and Pass of Killiecrankie, Perthshire; Craig 

 Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Caledonian Canal, Inverness-shire. 

 Near Dunkerron, co. Kerrv. 



