300 ITCHENACEI. [PHTSCIA. 



Lich. Fl. p. 144, cd. 3, p. 133. Squamaria candelaria ft. polycarpa 

 Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 51 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 198. Psoroma poly- 

 carpum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 445. Lichen polycarpus Ehrh. Exs. 

 (1785) n. 137 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1795. Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 265 ; 

 Mudd, n. 86 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 47. 



Characterized by the less developed granulato-conglomerate thallus, 

 which occasionally spreads somewhat extensively, and' by the crowded 

 apothecia, which may be so numerous as almost to cover the lobes except 

 at the immediate circumference. The spores are somewhat smaller than 

 in P. parietina. In less favourable habitats it occurs in small, orbicular, 

 isolated patches. 



Hob. On old pales and trees, chiefly larch, in maritime and upland 

 districts. Distr. Found here and there throughout England, in N . Wales, 

 and in the Central Highlands of Scotland ; not yet seen in Ireland. 

 B. M. : Yarmouth, Suffolk ; St. Leonard's Forest, Sussex ; Kemble, 

 Gloucestershire ; Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire ; Twycross, Leicester- 

 shire ; near Oswestry, Shropshire ; Island of Anglesea j Redcar, Cleve- 

 land, Yorkshire ; near Hexham, Northumberland. Finlarig and near 

 Lawer's Inn, Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire. 



Form lobulata Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1887) p. 78. Thallus 

 effuse, scattered, pulvinate, yellowish-orange ; lobes very short, 

 roundly crenate. Apothecia minute, numerous ; spores 0,012-17 

 mm. long, 0.007- 8 mm. thick. Physcia parietina e. lobulata Mudd, 

 Man. p. 113 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. Lecanora lobulata Fliirke, 

 Deutsch. Fl. Exs. (1821) n. 14. Brit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 86. 



Probably a starved state of the type, with which it often grows associ- 

 ated, and from which it differs in the smaller and usually more scattered 

 thallus and in the minute apothecia. Occasionally the thallus is only 

 sparingly visible around the apothecia. 



Hab. On old pales in upland districts. Distr. Only in N. England and 

 among the S. and N.E. Grampians, Scotland. B. M. : Cleveland, York- 

 shire. Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire. 



5. P. lychnea Nyl. ex Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 288. Thallus 

 effuse, microphylline, ascending or erect, lacero-laciniate, orange- 

 coloured or tawny-yellow ; beneath paler ; lacinise narrow, dissecto- 

 multifid, crowded, entire and usually granuloso-pulverulent at the 

 margins (K+ violet - purplish , CaCl~). Apothecia subterminal, scat- 

 tered, moderate, concolorous, the margin entire or crenate ; spores 

 0,011-17 mm. long, 0,007-11 mm. thick. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. 

 p. 78. Physcia parietina subsp. lychnea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 38. 

 Physcia parietina p. lychnea Mudd, Man. p. 114; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 p. 143, ed. 3, p. 132. Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Ach. Meth. 

 (1803) p. 187. Lichen candelarius Eng. Bot. t. 1794 pro parte. 

 Lichen concolor Dicks, pro parte, and also probably Lichen candelarius 

 pro parte of our older authors. Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 11 ; Larb. 

 Lich. Hb. n. 162. 



The thallus occasionally spreads very extensively over the substratum. 

 Though sometimes growing associated with P. parietina, yet it is entitled 



