PHYSCIA.] PHySCIEI. 303 



entire, in Hexed, denticulate, or proliferous. In this last condition it is 

 digitately fimbriate with lacimolae, whence var. actinota (Ach. Meth. 

 p. 256). The speruiogones, which are usually very numerous, are large, 

 prominent, scattered or aggregate, from pale-brown becoming blackish, 

 with spermatia cylindrical, 0,004-5 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. In other- 

 wise sterile specimens they are sometimes much elevated, rendering the 

 thallus verrucoso-papillate, whence var. verrucosa (Ach. Lich. Univ. 

 p. 497). 



Hob. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oaks and elms, in cultivated 

 lowland, rarely upland districts. Distr. General, and plentiful where it 

 occurs, in England, much scarcer in the Channel Islands and E. Scot- 

 land ; apparently very local and rare in N. Wales and E. Ireland. 

 B. M. : Islands of Jersey, Sark, and Guernsey. Norwich, Norfolk ; 

 Bury, Suffolk ; near Colchester and Walthamstow, Essex ; Hythe, Kent ; 

 Dorking, Surrey ; Glynde, Sussex ; Winchester, Hants ; near Ryde, Isle 

 of Wight ; Elburton and Newton Bushell, S. Devon ; near Cirencester, 

 Gloucestershire ; near Farringdon and Windsor, Berkshire ; near Swin- 

 don, Wiltshire ; Madingley, Cambridgeshire ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; 

 Overthrope, Northamptonshire ; Harboro' Magna, Warwickshire ; Moor 

 Park, Herefordshire ; Malvern and Broadwas, Worcestershire ; Clungun- 

 ford, Shropshire ; Hopton, Cheshire ; Island of Anglesea ; near Ayton, 

 Cleveland, and Dalby, Yorkshire ; Middleton, Teesdale, Durham ; Kendal, 

 Westmoreland ; near Hexham, Northumberland. Rossyln Woods, Mid- 

 lothian ; Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire ; Foulis, Baldovan, Auldbar, and 

 Melgund Castle, Forfarshire ; Midmar Castle, Aberdeenshire. Oakpark, 

 near Carlo w, co. Carlow. 



Yar. ft. saxicola Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 106, Syn. i. 

 p. 414. Thallus smaller, more appressed, greenish- or dark-cervine ; 

 laciniae narrow, with sordid or brownish-black marginal cilia. 

 Apothecia naked. Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1886, p. "22 ; Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 38 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 146, ed. 3. p. 134. Borrera ciliaris 

 var. /?. saxicola Mudd, Man. p. 105. 



The darker colour of the* more appressed thallus and the narrower 

 laciniae distinguish this variety, which sometimes occurs where the type 

 is unknown. In this country it is only sterile, in which condition it is 

 Pannelia ciliaris var. y. melanosticta Ach. Meth. p. 255. 



Hab, On rocks and walls (rarely on bare sandy soil) in maritime and 

 mountainous regions. Distr. Local and scarce in the Channel Islands, 

 S., W., and N. England, the N. Grampians, Scotland, and in S.W. Ire- 

 land. B. M. : Quenvais, Island of Jersey. Withiel, Cornwall ; Buxton, 

 Derbyshire; near Little Malvern, Worcestershire ; Holyhead, Island of 

 Anglesea; near Langbraugh, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, 

 Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Morroue, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Sybil 

 Head, co. Kerry. 



8. P. leucomela Mich. Fl. Bor.-Amer. (1803) p. 356. Thallus 

 diffuse, subcaespitose, lineari-laciniate, whitish or glaucous-white ; 

 beneath white, subgranulose, subcanaliculate or plane ; laciniae 

 narrow, lax, subascending, fibrilloso-ciliate at the margins (K^yellow, 

 CaCl+yellow). Apothecia lateral, pedicellate, moderate, plane, caesio- 

 pruinose, the margin radiating ; spores often subquadrilocular, 



