GYROPHORA.] GVKOPHOREI. 329 



collate, large, numerous, much gyroso-plicate. Cromb. Journ. Bot. 

 1882, p. 273. Umbilicaria cylindrica var. Delisei Despr. fide Nyl. 

 Lich. IScand. (1861) p. 117. 



A well-marked variety, distinguished by the characters of the thallus 

 and of the apothecia. In the few British specimens seen the thallus is 

 thick, shortly fibrillose or nearly quite naked at the margins, beneath of 

 a somewhat 'pale pink colour and rhizinose, especially towards the cir- 

 cumference. The apothecia are large, crowded, and much gyroso-plicate. 



Hob. On rocks and boulders in alpine places. Disfr. Only on the 

 summits of two of the loftiest Scottish Grampians. B. M. : Ben-naboord, 

 Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire. 



Tar. y . tornata Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p. 157. Thallus 

 polyphyllous, complicate, more or less rugose on the upper surface ; 

 lobes congested, ascending, undulate, crisp, naked or subnaked at 

 the margins. Gyrophora tornata Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 222, 

 t. 2. f. 13. Gyrophora proboscidea $. exasperata Turn. & Borr. Lich. 

 Br. p. 219. Umbilicaria varia i. probosddea d. exasperata Leight. 

 Ann. Mag. Ts T at. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 294. Gyrophora cylindrica 

 d. exasperata Mudd, Man. p. 119. Umbilicaria cylindrica form 

 exasperata Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 1 62, ed. 3, p. 149. 



Characterized by the smaller, subeffuse, polyphyllous thallus and the 

 congested ascending lobes, which are nearly naked at the margins. In 

 the British specimens the apothecia, which are small, are but rarely 

 present. 



Hub. On rocks and boulders in subalpine regions. Distr. Very 

 sparingly in W. and N. England, and among the Grampians, Scotland. 

 B. M. : 'Falcon Glints, Teesdale, Durham. Cairn Turc, Braemar, Aber- 

 deenshire. 



4. G. erosa Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 103. Thallus monophyllous, 

 thin, rigid, rugose, densely cribrose, erose or eroso-laciniate at the 

 margins, olive-brown or brownish-black ; beneath naked, usually 

 thinly granulose, pale-brown (K~, CaCl~). Apothecia somewhat 

 prominent, at first plane and thinly margined, at length convex and 

 immarginate, gyroso-plicate ; spores 0,011-12 mm. long, 0,006-7 

 mm. thick. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 79 (pro parte). Lichen erosus 

 Weber, Spic. Fl. Gott. (1778) p. 259. Gyrophora erosa of other 

 British authors belongs entirely to the following species. 



Easily known by the peculiar reticulato-perforate upper surface and the 

 usually finely lacero-laciuiate margins of the thallus. It is also generally 

 marked above by flexuose anastomosing black, indented lines, whence it 

 appears as if insculpt with rivulose sutures. The apothecia are small, 

 numerous, at first but very slightly, afterwards more plicate. 



Hab. On rocks in alpine regions. Distr. Very local and rare on one or 

 two of the higher Scottish Grampians. B. M. : Lochnagar, Morrone, 

 and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



5. G. torrefacta Cromb. Grevillea, xii. (1884) p. 74. Thallus 

 monophyllous, some\vhat thickish, plicato-rugosc, scarcely cribrose, 



