GYROmOKA.] GYEOPIIOKEI. 331 



A very distinct species having a general resemblance to G. erosa, but 

 differing in the upper surface being papuloso-rugulose and imperforate, 

 and in the lower being darker, egranulose, and lacunose. It is also fur- 

 ther separated by the reaction of the medulla. It is usually fertile, the 

 apothecia being numerous and very variable according to age. 



Hab. On rocks and large boulders in alpine situations. Distr. Not yet 

 with certainty gathered, except on a few of the higher Grampians, Scot- 

 land. B. M. : Ben More, Breadalbane, Perthshire ; Lochnagar, Morrone, 

 and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, Lochaber, Inver- 

 ness-shire. 



7. G. arctica Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 106, t. 2. f. 6. Thallus mono- 

 phyllous, moderate or somewhat large, thick, rigid, slightly lobed, 

 irregularly crenate and reflexed at the margins, crowdedly grannlato- 

 corrugate, brownish or blackish-brown, often pale greyish ; beneath 



minutely granulato-rimulose, pale, blackish in the centre (K~, CaCl 

 T j). Apothecia at length convex, gyroso-complicate ; spores 

 0,012-16 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit, 

 p. 225 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2485 ; Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 477. Qyrophora 

 proboscidea ft. arctica Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 217. GyropJwra hyperborea 

 ft. arctica Mudd, Man. p. 117. Umbilicaria arctica Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 40 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 157, ed. 3, p. 145. Umbilicaria 

 varia $. arctica Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 283. 

 Lichenoides atrum, Corii Persici instar exasperatum Dill. Muse. 220, 

 t. 30. f. 119. 



By some authors (as subsequently by Acharius himself, Syn. p. 65) 

 this has been regarded only as a variety of G. proboscidea ; while others 

 have viewed it as being a variety rather of G. hyperborea, with which it 

 agrees in the reaction of the medulla. From both of these, however, it 

 is sufficiently separated by the characters of the thallus to entitle it to 

 specific rank. The few British specimens are only of moderate size, 

 though sufficiently typical. With us the apothecia are extremely rare, 

 and have only once been met with. 



Hab. On rocks in alpine situations. Distr. Found only with certainty 

 on one or two of the Scottish Grampians in Braemar. B. M. : Ben- 

 naboord, Aberdeenshire. 



8. G. polyphylla Turn. & Borr. Lich. Br. (1839) p. 214. Thallus 

 monophyllous or polyphyllous, small or moderate, somewhat rigid, 

 smooth or subsmooth, irregularly lobed, black or brownish-black ; 



beneath naked, smooth, black (K~, CaClT f re ddish^ Apothecia 

 small, at first plane, thinly margined, at length convex, immar- 

 ginate, only slightly gyroso-plicate ; spores 0,013-18 mm. long, 

 0,007-8 mm. thick. Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 217 ; Mudd, Man. p. 116, 

 t. ii. f. 36 ; Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 576. GyropTiora 

 (jlabra ft. polypliylla Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 476 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 p. 41. Umbilicaria polyphiilla Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 41 ; Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. p. 155, ed. 3, p. 143. Umbilicaria varia a. polyphylla 

 Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xviii. p. 278. Lichen poly- 



phyllus Linn. Sp. PL (1753) p. 1150; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 455 ; 

 Lightf. Fl. Scot, ii. p. 863 ; With. Nat, 1 



Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 65 : Eng. 



