340 



LICHENACEI. 



[PANIOJLARIA. 



P annular ia nigra Njl. a. Vertical 

 section of a young apotheeiurn, 

 X30. 6. A theca and paraphysis, 

 X350. e. Spores, X500. d. Tri- 

 septate spores of P. psotina Nyl., 

 X500. 



57. PANNULARIA Nyl. Flora, 1879, p. 360, Z. c. 1882, p. 458. 

 Thallus squamulose or granulose. Apothecia biatorine, rarely 

 lecideine : spores 8nse, ellipsoid or oblong, simple or variously sep- 

 tate, colourless ; hymenial gelatine 

 variously tinged with iodine. 

 Spermogones with spermatia as 

 in the preceding genus, but 

 sometimes shorter. 



Differs from Pannaria in the less 

 developed thallus and the different 

 type of the apothecia, though 

 occasionally these have a lecanoroid 

 appearance. In some respects it 

 might not inappropriately be re- 

 ferred to the subtribe of the Lecideei, 

 but its true affinities are ratherwith 

 Pannaria. 



1. P. lepidiota Nyl. ex Stiz. 

 St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1882, p. 336. 

 Thallus microlepideo-squa- 

 mulose, lurid, lurid-brown or 

 cervine ; squamules moderate, 

 imbricato-congested, firm, crenu- 



late, often ascending at the margin, whitish beneath, more congested, 

 smaller and granulato-crenulate in the centre. Apothecia biatorine, 

 nearly moderate, plane or convex, dark-red or brown, internally pale- 

 whitish ; spores ellipsoid, simple, 0,015-23 mm. long, 0.008-12 mm. 

 thick ; hymenial gelatine at first faintly bluish, then wine-red with 

 iodine. Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 43. Lecidea carnosa ft. lepidiota 

 Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. (1826) p. 174. Liclienoides granosum 

 iubglaucum, tuberculis planis nigricantibus Dill. Muse. 544, t. 82. 

 f. 2. 



Looks as if intermediate between Pannaria rubiyinosa var. /3 and the 

 following species, but is separated from the former by the biatorine apo- 

 thecia, and from the latter by the more developed thallus and the larger 

 rres. The thallus in its more typical state is pulvinato-acervulate with 

 squamules thickish and granulato-cvenate ; but it is often for the 

 greater part granulose and lurid-csesious in the centre. The apothecia 

 are elsewhere sometimes crowned with the thalline granules, and thus 

 have a lecanoroid aspect. The only British specimen seen is sparingly 

 fertile. 



Hob. Overspreading decayed mosses on the ground in alpine situations. 

 Distr. Extremely local and scarce on one of the S. Grampians, Scot- 

 land. B. M. : Above Loch-na-Gat, Ben Lawers, Perthshire. 



2. P. microphylla Nyl. ex Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1882, p. 336. 

 Thallus subdeterminate, squamuloso-crustaceous, areolato-diffract, 

 cervine or livid-grey ; squamules minute, crenate, closely imbricate, 

 often whitish at the margins ; hypothallus brownish-black. Apo- 

 thecia small, biatorine, usually convex, brownish or reddish, intern- 



