362 LICHENACM. [LECANOR.V. 



not uncommon. B. M. : Near Groombridge, Sussex ; near Stroud and 

 King's Stanley, Gloucestershire ; Gopsall, Leicestershire ; Ayton, Cleve- 

 land, Yorkshire ; Brigsteer, Westmoreland. 



13. L. callopisma Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 437. Thallus 

 orbicular, closely adnate, smooth, radiato-lobed, bright-yellow, often 

 very thinly white-suffused ; lobes rimoso-areolate in the centre, 

 dilated and nearly plane at the circumference (K + purplish). Apo- 

 thecia subsessile, plane or slightly convex, orange-coloured (K + 

 purple); the thalline margin thickish, flexuose or subcrenulate, 

 paler; spores broadly citrit'ormi-ellipeoid, 0,008-15 mm. long, 

 0,006-10 mm. thick. Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 45. Placodium 

 callopismum Mudd, Man. p. 133, t. ii. f. 42 ; Cromb. Enum. p. 45 ; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 176, ed. 3, p. 162. Lichen murorum Eng. Bot. 

 t. 2157 (upper fig.). Lichen candelarius /3. Lightf. ? Fl. Scot. ii. p. 811. 

 Lichenoides crustosum, orbicuUs et scutdlis fltivis Dill. Muse. 236, 

 t. 18. f. 18 A, C.Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 113 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. 

 n. 164. 



Subsimilar to L. murorum, but well distinguished by the form of the 

 peripheral radii, and more especially by the shape of the spores. The 

 apothecia are generally numerous, becoming convex, with the thalline 

 margin at length excluded. The spermogones, which are rarely present, 

 have the spermatia bacilliform, 0,040-50 mm. long, 0,006-8 mm. thick. 



Hab. On rocks and the mortar of walls, often on old ruins, in mari- 

 time and upland districts. Distr. Rather local in Great Britain ; not 

 seen from Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands. B. M. : Island of 

 Guernsey. Framlingham, Suffolk; near Torquay and Plymouth, S. 

 Devon; Bathampton Downs, Somersetshire; near Cirencester, Gloucester- 

 shire ; Quy Churchyard, Cambridgeshire ; near Bonsall, Tong Priory, 

 and Llanymynech Hill, Shropshire. Blair Athole, Perthshire. 



Subsp. L sympagea Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 197. Thallus smaller, 

 somewhat shining, smoothish, or ruguloso in the centre ; lacinise 

 narrow, contiguous, convex, incurved and subcrenate at the apices 

 (K + purplish). Apothecia somewhat small. Cromb. Grevillea, 

 xviii. p. 45. Lichen sympageus Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 105. Pla- 

 codium callopismum var. plicatum (Wedd.), Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 177, 

 ed. 3, p. 163. In Herb. H. Davies there is a specimen with miniate 

 thallus s. n. Lichen fulvus Dicks., but vide supra p. 299. According 

 to Acharius (Lich. Univ. p. 47) it is Lichen aurantius Pers. in Ust. 

 Ann. Bot. ii. p. 14, which, being only another form of the prior 

 trivial name Lichen aurantiacus Lightf., cannot be retained in 

 Lecanora. Brit. Exs.: Mudd, nos. 94, 96 j Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 15. 



Externally often more resembling states of subsp. L. tegularis, but 

 definitely separated by the form of the spores. From the type it differs 

 so much in the laciuise, that it is well entitled to rank at least as a 

 subspecies. The thallus, also, is usually smaller, often more or less 

 shining and waxy-looking (miniate in maiitime situations), with the 

 apothecia fewer and smaller. 



Hab. On rocks, chiefly calcareous, and on mortar of walls in mari- 

 time (chiefly) and upland districts. Distr. General and not uncommon 



