376 LICHENACEI. [LECANOEA. 



verrucoso-unequal, or subsmooth, greyish or greyish- white (K-f 

 purplish). Apothecia small or submoderate, biatorine, plane or at 

 length convex, bright rusty-red (K-f purple), the proper margin 

 thin, undulate, subpersistent ; spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, with 

 longitudinal tube or none, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-9 mm. thick. 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. (forma corticola) 

 p. 219, ed. 3, p. 208. Callopisma ferruyineum Mudd, Man. p. 139. 

 Lecidea ferruginea Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 184 pro parte ; Tayl. in Mack. 

 Fl. Hib. ii. p. 128 pro parte ; Lichen ferrugineus Huds. Fl. Angl. 

 (1762) p. 444; Eng. Bot. t. 1650. Lecidea ccesio-rufa Gray, Nat. 

 Arr. i. p. 473 pro partj ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 39 pro parte. Lichen 

 vernalis Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 805 pro parte. Lichenoides leprosum, 

 tuberculis fuscis et ferruglneis Dill. Muse. 126, t. 18. f. 4 pro parte. 

 Brit. Exs. : Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 95 ; Bohl. n. 108. 



Easily recognized by the colour of the apothecia. In its typical state 

 it is corticolous, seldom, at least in this country, saxicolous. The thallus 

 varies considerably in thickness ; when it is little developed the greyish- 

 black hypothallus is here and there visible. It is usually well fertile, 

 with numerous apothecia, which are occasionally proliferous. They are 

 rarely crowned by the thallus when thicker and verrucose, whence form 

 sublecanorina Nyl. Flora, 1873, p. 197, which occurs also in the variety. 



Hob. On trunks of trees, very rarely on schistose rocks, in maritime 

 and upland situations.- Distr. General in most parts of England ; rarer 

 in Scotland and Ireland; very rare in the Channel Islands. B. M. : 

 Island of Guernsey. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk ; Epping Forest and 

 Widdington. Essex ; Hurst, St. Leonard's Forest, Lewes and Brighton, 

 Sussex ; New Forest, Hants ; Isle of Wight ; near Plymouth, Devonshire ; 

 near Bocconoc, St. Minver, and Penzance, Cornwall ; Oswestry, Shrop- 

 shire ; Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea; Cleveland, York- 

 shire ; Teesdale, Durham ; Levens, Westmoreland. Largs, Ayrshire ; 

 near Stirling ; Finlarig and Kenmore, Perthshire. Kenmare and Glen- 

 more Lake, co. Kerry ; Kylemore, Connemara, co. Galway. 



Var. /3. festiva Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 143. Thallus thin 

 or thinnish, greyish or dark, rimuloso-areolate, often evanescent. 

 Apothecia small, with the proper margin entire, flexuose or crenu- 

 late, at length convex and imrnarginate. Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47 ; 

 Grevillea, xviii. p. 45. L. ferruginea forms saxicola, festiva Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. pp. 219, 220, ed. 3, pp. 208, 209. Callopisma ferrugi- 

 neum ft. festiva Mudd, Man. p. 139. Lecidea ccesio-rufa (3. festiva 

 Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 44. Lichen crenularius With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 405 (errore crenulatus p. 22). Lecanora ferruginea var. crenu- 

 laria Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47. Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 85 ; Mudd, 

 n. 102 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 165. 



When best developed almost confluent with the type. The thallus is 

 very rarely whitish (in the darker states- K-), and is frequently entirely 

 absent. The apothecia are small or minute, at times crowded, with the 

 margin often inflexed and more or less crenulate, whence Lichen crenu- 

 larius With. 



Hab. On rocks in maritime and mountainous districts. Distr. Not 

 unfrequent and plentiful where it occurs in Groat Britain and 



