378 LICHENACEl. [LECA.NORA. 



(non Nyl.) Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 133 ; Leight. Lich. PI. ed. 3, 

 p. 213. 



A peculiar species known only from Scotland and Norway. It is now 

 regarded by Nylander as distinct from L. ferruginea in its limited accep- 

 tation on account of the typically lecanorine apothecia. Specimens in 

 which these are darker-coloured, aud with a few exceptions entirely 

 biatorine in appearance, closely approach L. nig r icons Tuck., which, 

 however, has the thallus little developed. 



Hob. On schistose rocks in a maritime tract. Dlstr. Extremely local 

 in N.E. Scotland. B. M. : Near Portlethen, Kiucardineshire. 



37. L. caesiorufa Xyl. Flora, 1880, p. 388. Thallus subdeter- 

 minate, rimoso- or diffracto-areolate, rugose, thickish, caesio-greyish 

 (Kf -)- purplish). Apothecia moderate, biatorine, at first concave, 

 then plane, rusty -orange-coloured (K + purple), the margin pro- 

 minent, entire or inflexed, paler ; spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, 

 with longitudinal tube, 0,014-16 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick; 

 hypothecium lax; paraphyses slender, jointed towards the apices; 

 hymenial gelatine at length wine-red with iodine. Cromb. Journ. 

 Bot. 1882, p. 273. It may be Lecidea ccesio-rufa of British authors 

 pro parte. 



Well separated from L. ferruginea, with which until recently it has 

 usually been confounded, not merely by minor differences of the thallus 

 and apothecia, but more especially by the hypothecium, the cells of which 

 are much less compact (fide Nyl. in litt.). The numerous apothecia are 

 at times undulate and subcrenulate at the margins. 



Hab. On rocks, chiefly sandstone and schist, in maritime and upland 

 districts. Distr. Seen only from a few localities in the Channel Islands, 

 S.W. and VV. England, S. Scotland, the S.W. Highlands, and S.W. 

 Ireland. B. M. : La Moye, Island of Jersey; Chateau Point, Island of 

 Sark. The Lizard, Cornwall; Hollybush Hill, Malvern ; St. Bees, 

 Cumberland. Rerwick, Kirkcudbrightshire ; near Edinburgh ; Island of 

 Lismore, Argyleshire. Kilkee, co. Clare. 



38. L. phaeocarpella Xyl. Flora, 1830, p. 388 nota. Thallus 

 indeterminate, thin, mactilar, greyish- white, often nearly obsolete 

 (K ). Apothecia small, biatorine, plane, brown or dark-brown, 

 often slightly oeruginoso-suffused (K-f- purple), colourless within, 

 thinly margined; paraphyses moderate, brownish at the apices; 

 spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, often with longitudinal tube, 

 0,014-18 mm. long, 0,006-11 mm. thick. Cromb. Grevillea, xix. 

 p. 60. Lecanora nigricans (non Tuck.), Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. 

 p. 45. 



Near L. nigricans (Tuck.), with which it was at one time joined by 

 Nylander as a state (Lapp. Or. p. 123), but is now regarded by him as 

 distinct. Like others of the more immediately allied species it looks 

 almost a variety of L. ferruginea. The biatorino-lecideine apothecia in 

 the only British specimen gathered are frequent. 



Hab. On the truuk of a fir-tree in a mountainous region. Distr. Onlv 

 among the N. Grampians, Scotland, where probably it is not rare. 

 B. M. : Craig Cluny, Braernar, Aberdeenshire. 



