LECAXORA.] LECANO-LEC1DEEI. 379 



39. L. atroflava Nyl. iu Zwach Lich. Heidelb. (1813) p. S3. 

 Thallus subeffuse, smooth, thin, rimoso-diifract, continuous, um- 

 brine-blackish (K ). Apothecia small, plane, biatorine, ochraceo- 

 {'erruginous (K + purplish), the margin entire, paler; spores ellip- 

 soid, polari-bilocular, 0,009-11 mm. long, 0,005-6 mm. thick. 

 Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 45. Lecidea atroflava Sm. Eng. Fl. v. 

 p. 185; Turn. Linn. Traus. ix. (1808) p. 142, t. 11. f. 2. Lichen 

 atroflavus Eng. Bot. t. 2009. Lecanora scotoplaca Nyl. Flora, 1876, 

 p. '2'3'2. Lecanora ftrruyinea var. scotoplaca Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, 

 p. 20ti.Bfit. Kvs. : Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 335. 



Near to L. c&siunifa, but apparently a distinct species. The thallus, 

 usually more or less effuse, is at times when associated with other crus- 

 taceous lichens (e. g. Lecanora campestris) well determinate. The apo- 

 thecia are numerous and crowded, whence it has often been confounded 

 with var. holocarpa of L. pyrac'a. 



Hab. On siliceous rocks, usually exposed flints, in maritime, rarely 

 upland tracts. D^str. Local and scarce in S. and E. England, N. Wales, 

 and in N.W. Ireland.-B. M. : Ryde, Isle of Wight; Beechy Head and 

 the Downs, Sussex : Lyddbeach, Kent ; Thetford Warren, Norfolk. 

 Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Island of Anglesea. Near Kylemore, Con- 

 nemara, co. Galway. 



40. L. Turneriana Nyl. ex Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1876, p. 360. 

 Thallus thin, areolato-rimose or diffract, the areolae verrucoso- 

 unequal, dark-grey or brownish-black (K ). Apothecia small, 

 plane or somewhat convex, biatorine, reddish-yellow, the margin 

 thick, entire, persistent, paler yellow (epithecium K + purplish) ; 

 spores ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. 

 thick. Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 209. Lecidea Turneriana Ach. 

 Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 206. 



Has the aspect of L. pyracea, but differs in the colour of the thallus and 

 apothecia, and especially in the thicker spores. The thallus varies from 

 dark-grey to deep-brown, passing into black; but in our specimens it is 

 but sparingly visible. The apothecia are usually scattered, though here 

 and there a few are crowded, the epithecium being at times of a darker 

 colour. 



Hub. On rocks in maritime districts. Distr. Seen only sparingly from 

 S. Wales, N.W. England, and N.W. Ireland. B. M. : St. David's, Pem- 

 brokeshire ; Barrowmouth, Whitehaven, Cumberland. Kylemore and 

 Killerey Bay, Connemara, co. Galway. 



41. L. albolutescens Nyl. Flora, 1881, p. 177. Thallus thin, 

 subfarinaceous, continuous or somewhat scattered, whitish (K ). 

 Apothecia moderate, prominent, orange-coloured, Bubbiatorine, thickly 

 margined, the margin externally thalline and whitish, but orange 

 on the upper portion, epithecium unequal (K+ purplish); spores 

 ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, 0,015-18 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. thick, 

 the loculi large. Cromb. Grevillea, x. p. 22. 



Not to be confounded with L. pyracea, from which it at once differs in 

 the larger, thickly margined apothecia and the larger spores. As observed 



