380 LICHENACEI. [LECANOKA. 



by Nylander 1. c. it is more allied to L. Turneriana, from which it 

 probably descends. The thallus is effuse, with no distinct hypothallus, 

 and at times becomes evanescent (form ecrustacea Johns.). The apothecia 

 are numerous, at times somewhat crowded, and at length angulose. 



Hob, On granitic rocks in upland tracts. Distr. Only very sparingly 

 in N. England. B. M. : Tyneside, Bywell, Northumberland ; Scalegill, 

 Cumberland. 



42. L. cerina Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 390. Thallus deter- 

 minate, thin, smoothish or granulato-unequal, greyish-white (K-f- 

 crimson), limited by a thin bluish-black hypothallus. Apothecia 

 lecanorine, moderate, somewhat plane, pale waxy-yellow (K+ crim- 

 son), the thalline margin, thin, entire, persistent ; spores ellipsoid, 

 polari-bilocular, often with longitudinal tube, 0,012-18 mm. long, 

 0,006-9 mm. thick ; paraphyses tawny-yellow at the apices. Tayl. 

 in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 136 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 190 ; Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 47 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 220, ed. 3, p. 209. Callopuma 

 cerinum Mudd, Man. p. 136. Rinodina cerina Gray, Nat. Arr. i. 

 p. 456. Lichen cerinus Ehrh. Exs. (1785) n. 216 ;" Dicks. Crypt, 

 fasc. iii. p. 14 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 24 ; Eng. Bot. t. 627. 

 Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 83 ; Mudd, n. 97 ; Cromb. n. 60 ; Larb. 

 Lich. Hb. n. 167. 



A very variable plant as to the thallus and fructification, but readily 

 known from its allies by the colour of the hypothallus and the regularly 

 lecanorine apothecia. The thallus is often almost or entirely evanescent, 

 though even then it always margins the apothecia. These are usually 

 fairly numerous, sessile, occasionally of a paler colour, with the spores at 

 times more broadly ellipsoid. From it descend the forms and subspecies 

 that follow. 



Hob. On the trunks of trees and on old pales in maritime, lowland, and 

 upland districts. Distr. General and common in the Channel Islands 

 and England ; apparently rare in N. Wales, S.W. and Central Scotland, 

 and S. Ireland. B. M. : Rozel, Island of Jersey ; Islands of Guernsey 

 and Sark. Coltishall, Norfolk ; near Colchester and Widdington, Essex ; 

 Maidstone, Kent ; Lewes, Sussex; near Shanklin, Isle of Wight; New 

 Forest, Hants; Plymouth, S. Devon; Tregawn and Truro, Cornwall; 

 near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Cherry Hinton and near Quy, Cam- 

 bridgeshire ; Oswestry and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Island of 

 Anglesea ; Bilsdale, Yorkshire ; Derwent River, Durham ; near Kendal, 

 Westmoreland ; Wansbeck, Northumberland. Largs, Ayrshire ; Blair 

 Drummond and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire. Near Cork ; Killarney, co. 

 Kerry ; Adare, co. Limerick. 



Form 1. cyanolepra Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 144. Thallus 

 thin, evanescent; hypothallus chiefly present. Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 p. 220, ed. 3, p. 210. Patellaria cyanolepra DC. Fl. Fr. ii. (1805) 

 p. 560. 



Well marked by the very distinct predominating hypothallus, upon 

 which the proper thallus is only very sparingly here and there visible. 

 The apothecia at times appear to arise from the hypothallus, but have a 

 distinct greyish thalline margin. 



