LECAKORA.] LECAXO-LEC1DEEI. 457 



very young state, though in alpine habitats it is more or less persistent. 

 The spermogones are frequent, prominent, agglomerate, black, and look 

 almost like foreign apothecia. On the thallus there is occasionally a 

 parasitic Endococcus afterwards to be described. 



Ha b. On exposed rocks and boulders, granitic and schistose, rarely red 

 sandstone from upland to alpine situations. Distr. General in the more 

 mountainous regions of Great Britain, abundant on the Grampians, 

 Scotland ; apparently very rare in Ireland ; not seen in the Channel 

 Islands. B. M. : Pew Tor, Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Glee Hills, Shrop- 

 shire ; Moel-y-Golfa, Montgomeryshire ; Cader Idris, Merionethshire; 

 Peumaenmawr, Trofriw and Moel Siabod, Carnarvonshire ; Kildale 

 Moor and Dent, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham ; Gunnerton Crags, 

 Northumberland. North Berwick Law, Berwickshire ; Achosragan Hill 

 and Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire ; Ben Lawers, Ben Vrackie, and Birnam 

 Hill, Perthshire; Katefaw, Clova, Forfarshire ; Hills at Nigg, Aber- 

 deenshire ; Lochnagar, Morrone, and Glen Callater, Braemar ; Ben 

 Nevis, Inverness-shire ; Hills of Applecross, Ross-shire. Co. Wicklow. 



Form laevigata Johns, ex Cromb. Grevillea, xix. (1891) p. 60. 

 Thallus areolato-diffract, substramineous ; the areolse smooth, equal. 

 Apothecia small, depressed. 



Differs in the characters given, and may be a good variety. The 

 specimen seen is too fragmentary, however, for deciding the point. 



Hab. On rocks in an upland district. Distr. Extremely local and 

 scarce in N. England, B. M. : Bowness Knolt, Ennerdale Lake, Cum- 

 berland. 



Var. /3. subfestiva Nyl. in Cromb. Lich. Brit. (1870) p. 57. 

 Thallus thickish, verrucoso-granulate, yellow-greyish. Apothecia 

 small, plane, usually more or less aggregate, rusty-red, biatoroid, 

 the proper margin thin, often inflexed, paler red. Cromb. Linn. 

 !Soe. Journ. Bot. xi. p. 490. 



Differs in the colour of the smaller apothecia -which look almost like 

 those of L. ferruginea var. festiva, for which, but for the different 

 thallus. the plant might readily be mistaken. It is only sparingly fertile, 

 the apothecia being scarcely prominent. 



Hab. On schistose boulders in a mountainous district. Distr. Found 

 only very sparingly on one of the N. Grampians, Scotland. B. M. : 

 Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeeiishire. 



L. Apothecia urceolato-zeorine ; spores distinctly 3-septate ; hyme- 

 nial gelatine bluish with iodine. Spermogones unknown. 



153. L. rubra Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 389. Thallus effuse, 

 thin, granuloso-pulverulent, white or glaucous-white (K , CaCl ) ; 

 hypothallus whitish, little visible. Apothecia moderate, adnate, 

 concave, rosy-red or reddish flesh-coloured, occasionally slightly 

 pruinose, the thalline margin rugoso-crenulate ; spores oblong or 

 oblongo-ellipsoid, 3-septate, 0,016-23 mm. long, 0,005-8 mm. thick ; 



