458 LICHENACEI. [LECANORA, 



paraphyses scarcely discrete, the apices incrassate. Hook. Fl. Scot. 

 ii. p. 49 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v.p. 190; Leight. Angi. Lich. p. 86, t. 14. 

 f. 1 ; Lich. Fl. p. 230, ed. 3, p. 222 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 58. 

 Phialopsis rubra Mudd, Man. p. 166, t. 3. f. 58. Rinodina rubra 

 Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 457. Verrucaria rubra Hoffm. PI. Lich. i. 

 (1793) p. 81. Lichen Ulmi Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 2218. Brit. Exs.\ 

 Leight. n. 236 ; Mudd, n. 138 ; Cromb. n. 168. 



Well characterized by the constantly 3-septate spores, which separate 

 it from all the other species of the genus, so that it has been placed by 

 sporologists in a distinct genus Phialopsis. From the form of the apo- 

 thecia it might at first sight be taken for a Gyakcta approaching 

 L.foveolaris ; but it is at once removed from this by their distinct thalline 

 margin. The thallus spreads very extensively over the substratum. 

 The apothecia are numerous, becoming at length dark-red. The spermo- 

 gones have not yet been detected. 



Hab. On trunks of old elms, occasionally overspreading mosses on 

 walls and rocks in upland districts. Distr. Local in W. and N. England, 

 and on the Central and N. Grampians, Scotland ; other localities from 

 which it has been reported being very doubtful. B.M. : AVigmore 

 Castle, Herefordshire ; Craig-y-Rhiw, near Oswestry, Shropshire ; near 

 Eievaulx, Bilsdale, and Greta Bridge, Yorkshire. Craig Tulloch, Blair 

 Athole, Perthshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



M. Apothecia lecanorine ; spores 8nae or 4-6nae, very rarely 2na3, 

 large, simple, colourless ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine. 

 Spermogones with simple sterigmata and acicular straight 

 spermatia. (Ochrolechia Mass. Kich. (1852) p. 30.) 



154. L. tartarea Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 371, t. 7. f. 3. 

 Thallus orbiculari-expanded, thick, tartareous, granuloso- or vcr- 

 rucoso-conglomerate, unequal, whitish or 

 greyish- white (K-f- yellowish, the apices 

 of the verrucaB CaCl-f-red): hypothallus 

 white, often indistinct. Apothecia large, 

 concave, plane or tuberculato-convex, 

 rugulose, pale-testaceous (CaCl -f- reddish) ; 

 the thalline margin thick, entire or in- 

 flexed, at length undulate ; spores 8na3, 

 ellipsoideo-oblong, 0,040-72 mm. long, 

 0,027-40 mm. thick; paraphyses thin, 

 not well discrete. Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. 

 p. 49 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 191 ; Tayl. in 

 Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 138; Mudd, Man. Lccanora tartarea -a. 



, _ _ .. , (-..- 1 .-, ' T . . ' _ . spore, XooU. o. feteri"- 



p. 156, t. n. f. 31: Cromb. Lich. Brit. ' and spermati 



p. 54; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 187, ed. 3, X 5UO. 



p. 175. Rinodina tartarea Gray, Nat. 



Arr. i. p. 455. Lichen tartareus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1141 ; 



Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 444; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 811; With. Arr. 



ed. 3, iv. p. 23 ; Eng. Bot. t. L56. Lichenoides crustaceum et lepro- 



