LECANORA.] LECANO-LECIDEEI. 459 



sum, ncetabulis majoribus luteis, limbis aryenteis Dill, in Ray Syn. 

 ed. 3, 71. 46 ; Muse. 132, t. 18. f. 13. Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 82 ; 

 Mudd, n. 128 ; Bohl. n. 10; Cromb. n. 69. 



This, the " Cudbear Lichen " of Scotland, is a variable plant as to the 

 thallus and apothecia, whence the varieties and subspecies that follow. 

 The thallus, which often spreads extensively over the substratum, is 

 thick, at times very thick, rarely thinnish when the hypothallus is more 

 distinctly visible at the circumference. A state with the verrucse sub- 

 globose, growing on Genista in Teesdale, was termed by Acharius var. 

 yratidinosa, Lich. Univ. p. 372 ; Cromb. Enum. 1. c. ; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 /. c. ; but this is a frequent character when corticolous, whence also var. 

 arborea (DC. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 364), Schaer, Enum. p. 80 j Mudd, Man. p. 156 

 pro parte. The apothecia, which are numerous, are generally large and 

 occasionally become proliferous. The spermogones are abundant, ver- 

 rucseform, often congregate, with spermatia 0,005-7 mm. long, 0,0005 mm. 

 thick (fide Nyl.). 



Hob. On rocks and old trunks of trees, rarely on tie ground, in mari- 

 time but chiefly mountainous districts to high altitudes. -Dittr. General 

 and abundant in Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands. 

 B. M. : Island of Alderney. Near Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; 

 Bolt Head and Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Lamorna, near Penzance, Corn- 

 wall ; Cader Idris and Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Conway Falls, Den- 

 bighshire ; Clee Hill, Shropshire ; Highcliff, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 

 Teesdale, Durham ; Kentmere, Westmoreland ; Alston, Cumberland ; 

 The Cheviots, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; 

 Ayrshire ; Pentland Hills and Dalmahoy Hill, near Edinburgh ; Kilmun, 

 Ben Cruachan, and Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Glen Falloch, Finlarig, 

 Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers, Amulree, Craig Vinean, and Craig Tulloch, 

 Perthshire ; Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Craig Koynoch, Morrone, Ben- 

 naboord, and Glen Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus 

 Woods and Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire ; Larig, Sutherlandshive ; Apple- 

 cross, Ross-shire. Clonmel, co. Tipperary ; Doughruagh mts., Connemara, 

 co. Galway. 



Var. /3. frigida Ach. Lich. TJniv. (1810) p. 372. Thallus effuse, 

 thin, papillate, subspinulose or granulate. Apothecia small or sub- 

 moderate, the thalline margin occasionally subspinulose. Mudd, 

 Man. p. 156; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 40; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 188, 

 ed. 3, p. 175 ; Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 49 (ut var. y). Einodina fri- 

 gida Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 454. Lichen friyidus Sw. Meth. Muse. 

 (1781) p. 36, t. 2. f. 4 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1879 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 22. Lichen Upsaliensis Eng. Bot. t. 1634, Dicks. Crypt, fasc. i. 

 p. 12, t. ii. f. 7, and Lecanora tartarea p. Upsaliensis Sin. Eng. Fl. 

 v. p. 191, denote only espinulose states of this variety. Brit. Exs. : 

 Cromb. n. 70. 



Well distinguished by the thinner, more or less spinulose thallus, which 

 on peaty or detrital soil becomes somewhat granulose. It is usually well 

 fruited, especially at higher altitudes. A state with minute apothecia 

 occasionally occurs, and is form microcarpa Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. p. 234 ; 

 Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 70. 



Hab. Incrusting mosses on the ground upon moorlands and mountains 



