460 LICHENACEI. [LECANORA. 



from upland to alpine situations. Distr. Local in E. and N. England, 

 N. Wales, and S. Scotland ; general and plentiful on the Grampians ; not 

 seen from Ireland. B. M. : Near Norwich, Norfolk ; near Bury St. Ed- 

 mund's, Suffolk ; Cwm Bychan, Merionethshire ; Ay ton Moor, Cleveland, 

 Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham. Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh : Ben 

 Cruachan, Argyleshire ; Ben Lawers, Ben Vrackie, Blair Athole, Perth- 

 shire ; Katelaw and Clova mts., Forfarshire ; Morrone, Ben Macdhui, 

 Glen Dee and mts. about Invercauld, Braernar, Aberdeenshire ; Glen 

 Nevis, Inverness-shire. 



Yar. y. gonatodes Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 372. Thallus 

 subramulose, the branches divaricate, tortuous, gibbous, lobato- 

 verrucose, difform. Apothecia very rare; spores 0,036-40 mm. 

 long, 0,025-27 mm. thick. Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 176 (excl. 

 II. cit.) ; Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 70. Lichen gonatodes Ach. 

 Prodr. (1798) p. 89. 



A peculiar and well-marked plant, though probably only a monstrosity, 

 as observed by Acharius (Lich. Univ. I. c.). It is apparently extremely 

 rare in fruit, the spores having only been recently described by Nylander 

 (Lich. Nov. Zeland. p. 145) from specimens gathered in the Falkland 

 Islands. 



Hob. On decayed mosses on the ground in alpine situations. Distr. 

 Only a single specimen found on the N. Grampians, Scotland (Leighton's 

 specimens from Wales belong to var. /3). B. M. : Summit of Ben Avon, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



Subsp. L. subtartarea Nyl. Flora, 1882, p. 550. Thallus more 

 or lesa variolose or at length leprose (K + yellow, the variolas 

 CaCl + reddish.). Apothecia somewhat small or submoderate 

 (CaCl + reddish), the thalline margin inflexed. Cromb. Journ. Dot. 

 1882, p. 274. Lecanora tartarea subsp. pallescens f. lejtrosa Nyl. 

 Not. Sallsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. Fo'rh. v. (1886) p. 135. Lecanora 

 tartarea forma leprosa Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 175. Var. ft. arborea 

 Mudd, Man. p. 156 pro parte. Lichenoides tartnreum farinaceum, 

 scutdlarum umbone fusco Dill. Muse. 132, t. 18. f. 12. 



The reactions of the thallus and apothecia show that this belongs to 

 L. tartarea, of which it is a good subspecies. When sterile it is easily 

 recognized by the variolarioid thallus, which at times becomes almost 

 entirely leproso-dissolved (form lepi-osa Nyl. I. c., Cromb. Journ. Bot. I. c.). 

 The apothecia, seldom present, are few, usually small and difform, occa- 

 sionally crowned with the leprose thallus. 



Hob. On the trunks of old trees and on rocks in upland and subalpine 

 situations. Distr. Probably common in Great Britain and Ireland, 

 though seen only from comparatively few localities. B. M. : Bridge 

 Rocks, Sussex ; New Forest, Hants ; Falls of Beckey, S. Devon ; 

 Roughton, Cornwall ; Lynn Gwernon, Merionethshire ; Rosedale, York- 

 shire. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Roslin, near Edinburgh ; 

 Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Craig Calliach, Craig Tulloch, and Ben Vrackie, 

 Perthshire ; Morrone, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Ronayne's Island, Kil- 

 larnev, co. Kerry; Clonmel, co. Tipperary; Killerey Bay, Connemara, 

 co. Galway. 



