MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 401 



FIG. 231. A, flowering and fruiting plant of peanut (Arachis hypogaa). After fertiliza- 

 tion the carpophore (or stalk between calyx and ovary) grows in length, sometimes 4 to 8 

 cm., and curves downward penetrating the soil (el), after which the fruit develops. B, 

 longitudinal section through the papilionaceous (bilateral) flower; C. longitudinal section 

 through the pod (peanut). After Taubert. 



known as HYDROPHILOUS, and under this head are included those 

 plants which live under the water and those that produce flowers 

 at or near the surface of the water. 



Those plants which depend upon the visitation of insects for 

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