CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 639 



decompound leaves and small, white flowers (Figs. 346, 347). 

 The fruit as well as the leaves is used in medicine. 



Carum Carvi (Caraway) is a biennial herb with bi- or tri- 

 pinnate, deeply incised leaves, and white flowers. The fruit is 

 official and the leaves are also used in medicine. 



Pimpinella Anisum is a small, hairy, annual herb. The leaves 

 are variable, the lower being somewhat cordate and serrate, the 

 middle distinctly lobed, and the upper ones trifid ; the flowers are 

 white. The fruit is official and is also used for flavoring. 



Focniculum vulgare is an annual or perennial, glabrous herb 

 with very finely dissected leaves, the divisions being narrow-linear. 

 The flowers are yellow, and the involucre and involucels are 

 wanting. The fruit is official. 



Ferula foctida is a stout, perennial herb with few, ternately 

 compound leaves and small, polygamous, light yellow flowers. The 

 root is rather large and yields the gum-resin asafetida. Asafetida 

 is also derived from other species of Ferula. 



Ferula Sumbul is a tall perennial herb with purplish latex- 

 containing stems. The basal leaves are ternately compound and 

 with amplexicaul base. The leaves decrease in size from the base 

 upward, becoming bract-like near the inflorescence. The flowers 

 are polygamous, resembling those of F. foctida. The root is official 

 and is probably also obtained from other closely related species of 

 Ferula. 



A large number of the plants belonging to the Umbelli ferae 

 contain essential oils, resins, gum-resins and related substances. 

 The gum-resin AMMONIAC is an exudation found on the stem and 

 branches of Dorema Ammoniacum and other species of Dorema 

 as a result of the sting of an insect. The plant is found in Western 

 Asia. The gum-resin occurs in yellowish-brown, globular, or 

 somewhat flattened tears which are brittle, milky-white internally, 

 with a distinct balsamic odor and bitter, acrid, nauseous taste. It 

 contains a small quantity of volatile oil having the odor of Angelica. 

 AFRICAN AMMONIAC is obtained from Ferula tingitana growing 

 in Northern Africa and Western Asia. 



The gum-resin GALBANUM is obtained by incising the root of 

 Ferula galbaniflua and other species of Ferula growing in the 

 Levant. Galbanum occurs in pale yellowish-brown agglutinated 



