GLOSSARY. 783 



Emarginate. Having a shallow notch at the summit; applied to leaves 



and petals (p. 355). 

 Embryo. The young plantlet, arrested in its growth, which develops in 



the seeds of spermophytes (pp. 121 and 426). 

 Endocarp. The inner layer of the pericarp (p. 410). 

 Endodermis. The layer of cells, surrounding the stele in the primary 



structure, of roots and stems (p. 310). 

 Endosmosis. The passage of a liquid or the cell-sap into the cell through 



the wall (p. 251). 

 Endosperm. The nutritive tissues formed in the embryo sac and always 



present in so-called albuminous seeds (pp. 126 and 425). Also applied 



to the prothallus of the female gametophyte of Gymnosperms. 

 Ensiform. Sword-shaped, as the leaves of Iris. 

 Entire. A margin without teeth, division or lobes. 

 Entomophilous. Pollination through the visits of insects. 

 Ephemeral. Existing for only a day or less. 

 Epicarp. The outer layer of the fruit wall (p. 410). 

 Epicotyl. The axis of the embryo above the cotyledons (p. 426). 

 Epigynous. A flower in which the petals and stamens adhere to the 



ovary and appear to arise from the summit as in clove (pp. 120 and 



389). The ovary of such a flower is said to be inferior. 

 Epiphyte. A chlorophyllous plant which grows on another plant, as an 



orchid. Also called air plant. 



Equitant. Applied to distichous leaves whose conduplicate bases suc- 

 cessively overlap, as in the Iris. 

 Excurrent. Usually applied to the trees, as the spruce, in which the main 



axis or trunk continues without branching, giving the tree a pyramidal 



shape. Also applied to apiculate and cuspidate leaves in which the 



midrib projects beyond the summit of the leaf. 

 Exogenous. Applied to woody plants that produce a cambium ring, thus 



adding annual layers of growth. Typical of dicotyledons. 

 Exosmosis. The passage outward of the cell-sap from within a cell 



(p. 251). 

 Exospores (Conidia). Spores which arise on special hyphae (p. 41). 



Also sometimes applied to the outer layer of a spore or to the dried 



protoplasmic substance adhering to a spore. 



Exserted. Applied to stamens which project beyond the corolla. 

 Extrorse. Applied to anthers which together with their filaments are 



directed toward the perianth (p. 380). 

 Farinaceous. Containing starch. Applied to seeds, roots and rhizomes; 



which on fracture are starchy. 

 Fascicle. A dense cluster. 



Fastigiate. Applied to branches which are nearly erect and close together. 

 Ferruginous (Ferrugineous). Light reddish-brown. 

 Fertile. Capable of producing seeds or spores. 



Fertilization. Fecundation in plants (p. 397). Also applied to the pro- 

 cess of rendering land fertile, or productive. 

 Fibrovascular Bundle. All of the tissues comprised in the xylem and 



phloem (p. 341). 



Filament. The support or stalk of an anther (pp. 379 and 404). 

 Filamentous (Filiform). Thread-like. 

 Fimbriate. Fringed with hairs, filiform processes or laciniations, as 



the petals of the carnation. 

 Flaccid. Without firmness. 

 Flexuous. Zigzag ; curved or bent alternately in opposite directions, as 



the rachis of the strobile of the hop (p. 515). 

 Floccose. A surface having tufts of wool-like hairs. 



