GLOSSARY. 789 



Raphe (Rhaphe). The adnate stalk connecting the hilum and chalaza 



in an anatropous seed. 

 Ray. A ligulate flower in the radiate head of the Composite (pp. 395 



and 711). 

 Receptacle. The summit of the pedicel which bears the organs of the 



flower. Also applied to the summit of the peduncle, which bears a 



collection of flowers, as in the Compositse. 

 Regular. A flower in which all the parts of the same circle are alike in 



size and shape, as in the rose. 



Reniform. Having the shape or form of the human kidney. 

 Repand. Applied to a leaf margin which is somewhat wavy or undulate 



(sinuate), as in witchhazel. 

 Reticulate. Having veins which ramify and branch in such a way as to 



form a network. 



Retrorse. Directed backward or downward ; applied to anthers. 

 Retuse. Applied to the summit of an obtuse leaf having a broad and 



very shallow sinus. 

 Revolute. Applied to a leaf-bud in which the margins of the leaves are 



enrolled lengthwise on the lower surface, as in fern fronds. v 

 Rhizome (Rootstock). A more or less fleshy underground stem (p 325). 

 Ringent. A bilabiate corolla with the throat widely open, as in the sage. 

 Rotate (Wheel-shaped). A corolla having a short tube and an outspread- 

 ing limb, as in potato blossoms. 

 Rugose. Rough and wrinkled ; applied to the upper surface of a leaf 



in which the reticulate venation .is very pronounced. 

 Runner (Stolon). A prostrate stem that produces roots at the nodes, 



forming new plants, as the strawberry. 

 Saccate (Calcarate). A petal having a spur or sac, as in the violets 



(p. 388). 

 Sagittate (Sagittal). Resembling the shape of an arrow or arrow-head; 



applied to leaves in which the upper portion is lanceolate and the 



lower is lobed, the lobes being directed downwards, as in Sagittaria. 

 Samara. An achene-like fruit provided with a wing-like appendage, as 



the maple (p. 420). 

 Saprophyte. A plant which derives its sustenance from decaying animal 



or vegetable matter, as the Indian pipe (p. 645), and many of the 



fungi (p. 40). 



Scabrous (Scabrate or Scabious). Roughened with scales, as a leaf sur- 

 face. 

 Scalariform. Applied to the ladder-like thickenings of tracheae, being 



especially characteristic of the ferns. 

 Scape. An inflorescence arising from a plant having radicle leaves, as 



the hyacinth. 

 Scarious. A thin, dry, membranous bract, as in the involucre of some of 



the Composite. 

 Schizogenous (Schizogenic). Applied to cavities or reservoirs which are 



of intercellular origin. They usually contain volatile oils, resins and 



mucilage (p. 226). 

 Schizo-lysigenous. Applied to cavities or receptacles within the plant 



which at first arise in a schizogenous manner, but later become larger 



owing to the breaking down of the surrounding cells (p. 226). 

 Sclereids. Sclerotic cells or stone cells (p. 267). 

 Sclerotium. A hard, compact mass of resting hyphae (p. 52). 

 Secund. Arranged on one side only; unilateral, as the flowers of the 



lily-of-the-valley. 

 Segment. One of the divisions of a gamosepalous calyx or a gamopetalous 



corolla; also applied to leaves. 



