114 APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 



These grubs feed on plant roots, particularly those of grass, until quite late in the 

 fall, then work down in the ground to below the frost line, where each forms a 

 small earthen cell in which to winter. In the spring pupation takes place and 

 from 2 to 4 weeks later the adult beetle is produced and digs its way to the surface. 

 An adult individual lives about 3 weeks. 



Control. Stomach poisons will kill the adults in time but they work too 

 slowly to save the plants, which are seriously injured before the beetles die. 

 In any case, these could hardly be used on flowers as they would at least mar their 

 appearance. On grapes and other fruits, arsenate of lead, using 5 Ib. of the paste 

 in 50 gal. of water or Bordeaux mixture (better), applied very thoroughly as soon 

 as the beetles appear, or just before the blossoms open in the case of the grape, 

 has given fair results, though a second treatment just after the blossoms fall is 

 sometimes needed. With stone-fruit trees the self-boiled lime-sulfur wash should 

 be used instead of the Bordeaux. 



Hand picking, though tedious, is effective with plants growing low enough to 

 make this method of control practicable, but must be repeated every day to get 

 those which fly to the plants from elsewhere, or emerge from the ground later. 

 Bagging the clusters of grapes is often practiced where this plan seems worth 

 while. Harrowing the breeding grounds of the insect to a depth of three or four 

 inches, during the time they are pupae, i.e., the latter part of May for the central 

 part of their range, destroys many of the pupa3 which appear to be very easily 

 killed by any disturbance while in this stage. The difficulty with this is to locate 

 the areas where they are breeding most abundantly. Light, sandy ground will 

 generally prove to be the place for such treatment. 



This insect seems to have a poisonous effect when eaten by small chickens, 

 many dying within a day or two after feeding on Rose Chafers. 



On the Pacific Coast several species of Hoplia seem to play much the same 

 role as the Rose Chafer does in the East. Their life history does not appear to 

 have been worked out but probably does not differ greatly from that of the Rose 

 Chafer, and the treatments are practically the same. The beetles of all the 

 species range from about one-quarter to one-half an inch in length and are light 

 brown, grayish, mottled, or black with brown, orange-yellow or olive, either in 

 spots or entirely concealing the black. Grape, rose, greasewood, blackberry, etc., 

 are the chief food plants. 



The Green Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica Newst.) has recently been 

 discovered in New Jersey. The beetles attack the foliage of many kinds of 

 plants including fruit trees, small fruits, garden crops and ornamental trees and 

 shrubs: the larvae feed on the roots of plants and on decaying vegetable matter. 

 The beetle is about half an inch long and somewhat resembles several of our native 

 forms. If, in spite of vigorous measures now being taken to eradicate it, this 

 insect should become widely distributed, it will undoubtedly become a serious 

 pest as it already is in Japan. 



Many other Scarabseids are occasionally injuriously abundant in 

 different parts of the country but can hardly be considered as of nation- 

 wide importance. The largest beetles found in the United States also 

 belong here and are called rhinoceros beetles. One species, Dynastes 



