238 APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 



in any such amounts as are usually added will not keep eggs already 

 present from hatching, nor the larvae from feeding. Therefore, fumiga- 

 tion first, to kill any of these insects which may be present in any stage, 

 followed by an abundant supply of naphthaline to keep them away 

 thereafter would seem to be the best method of procedure. 



Other repellents often used are cedar-wood chests, sprigs or chips of 

 cedar, camphor, tarred paper, and tobacco. They are all repellents, 

 but apparently less effective than naphthaline. In the case of cedar it 

 is the oil present which gives the protection, and as this is volatile it is 

 lost after a time and then a cedar chest is of no more value for storage 

 than one of any other kind of wood. 



Closets often become infested by clothes moths and even after taking 

 out and treating the clothing the moths may appear. It is probable 

 that in such cases the larvae find particles of wool or other edible materials 

 in the cracks of the floor or e^e where on which to live. In such cases the 

 free use of gasoline or kerosene on the walls and floors, paying particular 

 attention to all cracks, followed after a few hours by a thorough airing, 

 should give relief. If not, fumigation of the closet, being careful that 

 cracks around the doors or other openings are tightly sealed, will 

 exterminate the insects there. 



Rugs and carpets infested should be thoroughly cleaned and can 

 then either be baked to 125F.. fumigated as above, or sprayed with 

 benzine. Furniture attacked may be saturated with benzine or fumi- 

 gated. Where an entire house is infested, no one place apparently 

 more than another, fumigating with hydrocyanic acid gas at the rate 

 of 1 oz. of sodium cyanid to every 100 cu. ft. of space has given good 

 results. 



Rugs, furs and woolens valuable enough to place in cold storage 

 may be protected during the summer by cold. It has been found that 

 exposing infested goods to very low temperatures for a few days, followed 

 by another short period in a fairly warm place, then returning them to the 

 cold room for a short time will kill the insects present, these being unable 

 to live through such severe temperature changes. After this the articles 

 can be stored during the rest of the season in a temperature of about 40F. 

 with safety. 



Family Eucosmidae. In this family are a number of pests of fruit 

 trees and other plants. All of them are small moths, rarely spreading 

 over three-quarters of an inch. One of the worst pests of the apple the 

 apple-worm or codling moth belongs here. 



The Codling-moth (Laspeyresia pomonella L.). This pest of apples, 

 pears and occasionally of other fruits is a native of Southeastern Europe 

 but is newfound almost every where and is present in all the apple-growing 

 sections of this country. 



