EXPLANATORY REFERENCES. 



Xlll 



the autumnal leaves; besides dissections of the flowers and fruit. These were 

 all drawn on purpose for this Work, and, with a few exceptions, by J. D. C. 

 Sowerby, Esq., F.L.S., &c. See this subject further;explained in p. 223. 



The specimens of foliage placed at the bottom of the plates of the full- 

 grown trees may be called " artist's foliage," rather than " botanical speci- 

 mens." They are, for the most part, drawn by the artist who took the 

 portrait of the tree (generally no botanist, and who only knew the artistical 

 differences in the aspect of trees), in order to get a more correct idea of what 

 is called the "touch." 



The portraits of all the trees, both young and full grown, were taken chiefly 

 during the months of August, September, and October ; but a number were 

 also taken during the winter season, in order to show the skeleton tree 

 without its foliage ; several species being as readily known, even to a general 

 observer, when they are naked, as when they are clothed with leaves. 



All the engravings of trees and shrubs given in this Work, whether along 

 with the text, or in the last four volumes, have been drawn from nature, on 

 purpose for it, by competent artists, whose names, as well as the names of the 

 places, where the trees are now growing, or grew when their portraits were taken, 

 are given in the List of Trees in the Table of Contents, p. cliv. ; and the greater 

 number of the original drawings may still be seen in the possession of the 

 author. 



In the descriptive part of this Work, under the titles of the chapters, and 

 sometimes under those of the sections, are given signs, intended to show at 

 a glance the general habit of the trees or shrubs described in that chapter or 

 section. These signs represent large, small, and middle-sized plants, and are 

 as follows ; the first sign in each row indicating a deciduous tree or shrub, the 

 next an evergreen, and so on alternately : 



1. Round-headed trees ; such as the 

 oak, ash, elm, beech, &c. 



2. & 3. Spiry-topped trees ; such as 

 the spruce fir, larch, pine, deciduous 



2& cypress, &c. 



4. Fastigiate trees ; such ai, the Lom- 

 bardy poplar, cypress, &c. 



308B 



5. Drooping trees; such as the weep- 

 ing willow, weeping elm, &c. 



6. Shrubs. 



7. Under-shrubs 



8. Twining shrubs; 

 honeysuckle, 

 tolochia, &c. 



such as the 

 I honeysuckle, menispermum, aris- 



