CHAP. II. BRITISH ISLANDS. 71 



small horses, which were provided at the inns at Cobham, to go 

 over the grounds. In the latter part of his life, Mr. Hamilton 

 retired to Bath, having sold his place to Benjamin Bond Hop- 

 kins, Esq., who built the present house, the original one being 

 small. (Manning and Brays Surrey, ii. 768.) Among the trees 

 remaining at Pains Hill are some remarkably fine silver cedars, 

 pinasters, and other pines, American oaks, cork trees, and ilices, 

 a tupelo tree (Nyss), tulip trees, acacias, deciduous cypress, 

 Lombardy and other poplars, &c. Here some of the first 

 rhododendrons and azaleas introduced into England were 

 planted by Mr. Thoburn, who was gardener to Mr. Hamilton, 

 and who afterwards became an eminent nurseryman at Old 

 Brompton. Bowood was laid out about the same time by the 

 first Marquess of Lansdowne (then Earl of Shelburne), who 

 was assisted by Mr. Hamilton of Pains Hill; and, like that 

 place, it was planted with every kind of foreign tree that could 

 be procured at the time. Many of these trees still remain, 

 and have attained a large size : the cedars arid tulip trees are 

 remarkably fine. Woburn Farm, which began to be improved 

 by Mr. Southcote in 1735, belongs to this class of places; and 

 also Strathfieldsaye : the former contains one of the largest liquid- 

 ambar trees in England, a remarkably fine hemlock spruce, very 

 large tulip trees, acacias, hickories, pines, cedars, and cypresses, 

 and a magnificent cut-leaved alder. At Strathfieldsaye are the 

 largest hemlock spruce in England, some remarkably fine scarlet 

 oaks, a large tupelo tree, and many fine pines and firs. Clare- 

 mont, planted about the same time by Brown, for Lord Clive, 

 contains a great many exotic trees, particularly cedars of large 

 dimensions. There are very large ilices, cork trees, tulip trees, 

 red cedars, a large hemlock spruce, and many other fine speci- 

 mens of foreign trees. Oatlands, Ashley Park, and more par- 

 ticularly Lord Tankerville's at Walton, were planted soon after 

 this period, and contain many fine specimens. 



Upton House, near Stratford in Essex, was planted by Dr. 

 Fothergill about 1762; and, though many of the shrubs were 

 sold at the doctor's death in 1781, the grounds still contain many 

 large and fine specimens. Of these we had the following mea- 

 sured in January, 1835: Populus canadensis, 100 ft. high; 

 P. dilatata, 120 ft. high; Qucrcus Turner/, 50 ft. high; Corylus 

 Colurna, with a trunk 5 ft. in circumference, and forming a very 

 handsome tree which bears abundantly every year; Cupressus 

 sempervirens horizontals, 40 it. high, a fine specimen ; two very 

 large cedars, with trunks 9j ft. in diameter, at 6 ft. from the 

 ground; a large cork tree; Kolreutena paniculata, 40 ft. high, 

 perhaps the largest in England; a large robinia, &c. Collinson 

 states that the Arbutus ^fndrachne flowered for the first time 

 in this garden, in May, 1766. He adds that the plant was 



