132 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES. PART I. 



abroad; and he has commenced an arboretum, which already 

 contains a collection of pines and firs not surpassed bv any in 

 Britain. An account of this arboretum, which will soon be the 

 first in Scotland, will be found in the Gard. Mag., vol. xi. 

 Messrs. Dickson of Edinburgh, Brown at Perth, and Messrs. 

 Austin of Glasgow, have also a great many choice trees planted 

 out, as have various other nurserymen in that country. In Ire- 

 land we have already mentioned the nurseries most celebrated for 

 their fine specimens and extensive collections. 



CHAP. III. 



OF THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE TREES AND SHRUBS 

 OF THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 



THE Continent of Europe has supplied, as we have seen in the 

 preceding chapter, a considerable number of trees and shrubs to 

 the British Arboretum. The different countries which compose 

 it have been so thoroughly explored by botanists, that few far- 

 ther additions can be expected from them ; but it will be, never- 

 theless, interesting to examine the indigenous ligneous flora of 

 each as compared with that of Britain, and its capacity for 

 receiving additions from the trees and shrubs of other parts of 

 the world. We shall take these countries in the order of France, 

 Holland and the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, Russia 

 and Poland, Switzerland, and Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal ; 

 and, considering the subject as one of secondary interest to that 

 of the preceding chapter, our observations on it will be brief. 



SECT. I. Of the Indigenous and Foreign Trees and Shrubs of France. 



FRANCE, from its extent, the warmer climate of its southern provinces, and 

 the varied character of its surface, including as it does some of the highest 

 mountains in Europe, and a portion of the shores both of the Atlantic Ocean 

 and the Mediterranean Sea, contains the richest indigenous ligneous flora of 

 any country in Europe. There are few if any trees and shrubs which are in- 

 digenous to Britain that are not also indigenous to France ; and there are in 

 addition, in the latter country, all the species contained in the following 

 enumeration, taken from Duby and De Candolle's Botamcon Gallicum, pub- 

 lished in 1828. In this enumeration those orders, genera, or species, marked 

 with a star (*), are either only in cultivation, or known or supposed to be not 

 truly indigenous. 



^(.anunculdceee. Clematis Flammula, F. var. maritima, cirrhosa var. pedi- 

 cellata, balearica ; ^tragene austriaca. 



CrudfercB. Matthiola tristis; /beris Garrexidna, saxatilis, semperflorens. 



* Capparidetc. Capparis spinosa. 



Cisttnea?. Cistus incanus, crispus, albidus, salviaefolius, corbariensis, mons- 

 neliensis, 7>edon, hirsutus, longifolius, />opulifolius, /aurifolius, ladaniferus ; 

 Helianthemum umbellatum, clyssdides, alyssoides var. rugosum, ^alimifolium, 



