CHAP. I. AS COMPONENT PARTS OF GENERAL SCENERY. 209 



lines of the masses, in the slight but accurate manner shown in fig. 5., which 

 is the commencement of a portrait of a young oak : he will then indicate the 

 trunk, and its manner of rising from the ground ; as whether perpendicular or 

 inclined, and whether it tapers much or little. All the principal branches of 

 the trees, visible through the leaves, should also be slightly indicated, as shown 

 in the commencement of a portrait of Cerasus Padus, in fig. 6. This being 

 done, the next step is to fill in the details of the leafing, the commencement 

 of which, at the tops of the two trees, is indicated in figs. 7. and 8. ; and, 

 when this is effected for the entire trees, these two sketches only require the 

 botanical details placed under them, to assume the appearance of the oak 

 (Que>cus pedunculata) and the bird-cherry (Cerasus Padus) given in their 

 proper places in the series of plates forming our second volume. 



The only point which remains to be considered is, that of drawing the bota- 

 nical specimens. These, in the plates which form our second volume, are all given 

 to one and the same scale ; viz. 2 in. to a foot. They ought to be drawn by the 

 artist in a book by themselves, and not on the same page with the portrait of 

 the tree, for various reasons. In the first place, because these specimens 

 require to be drawn at three different seasons : viz. when they are in flower ; 



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