ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUAI. 



bourhood of Paris, grown a- standards in the open air, hut cnelo-ed during winter with double 

 gla- c a-cs which arc removed in May, and replaced in September; the outer ca-e being covered 

 with straw mats, for week* toother, in severe weather. \\'hen tlie wood of the orange tree is ri- 

 pened, and the sap i> set to rest !>} withholding water, it may be kept in tlie dark, for two or three 

 month- together, without injury, provided the air he kept dry". The hardic.-t kind of orange appears 

 to be the Seville, or bitter, orange, jj^, 104.' Mr. Spence, who passed some winters in 1- lorenee, states 



(,',//</. .Vc/, vol. vii. p. ins that the bitter orange is by far the most hardy variety grown in Italy ; 

 and that, in the neighbourhood of l-'lorenee, where the 'cold is so great that skating is sometimes 

 practised occasionally during four months of the year, and where, in the winter of l^'J"-;;o, the ther- 

 mometer was repeatedly down to - i and '21'- 1'ahr. at s \. M., there are standards in the open air, 

 in .-heltered situations, but not planted near a wall, with steins from I in. to o in. in diameter, which 

 pa-s the mo-t severe winters with no other injury than having the points of the la-t year's shoots 

 turned a l.ttle yellow. The bitter orange is in general use am ng the lt:i!i.m>, as a stock for grafting 

 all the other so'rts on ; another proof that it is one of the hardiest and mo.-t vigorous-growing sorts. 

 When a trial is to be made in England, we would recommend commencing with thLs variety ; and 

 protecting the ground by litter, anil both .-ide> of the wall by mat;- or hoards, for several years, till 

 the plants were ful y established. The simple protection of straw mats, placed over the trees, might, 

 probably, be found enough afterwards, at least iir favourable situations. The walls should always be 

 rlued. or hollow, in order to aflbrd the opportunity of lighting a fire occa.-ionally. The north side of 

 the wall might be kept warm by ivy ; or, if it were an east and west wall, it might be clothed with 

 half-hardy trees on both sides, anil protected accordingly. 



As examples of different species of the genus Citrus which have attained large dimensions in the 

 <>;>e:i air in Kngland, we cite the following from different place.- in Devonshire. At Saleombe, near 

 Kingshridge, in the garden of the Kev. Mr. Hen.-haw, are two wall- covered with tine healthy orange 

 trees : one wall lias a broad coping, and glass shapes for placing before the trees in severe winters ; 

 the other has reed hurdles for the same purpose, and, though this sometimes excludes the light for 

 three months, it is considered a better protection than the glass. The kinds are, the common, Se- 

 ville, and blood-red orange, and the citron, lemon, lime, and shaddock. At Dartmouth, in the 

 garden of Mr. Strong, is a very large citron tree. At Luscombe, the seat of C. Hoare, Ksq., there 

 are some remarkable large trees of citrons, shaddocks, and limes, which grow so vigorously, that they 

 make -hoots of from ti ft. to 7 ft. in length in one year. They were raised from cuttings on the spot ; 



iinl, the third year after being planted out, they produced a number of line fruit, some of the lemons 

 measuring from 1.* in. to IS in. in circumference, and weighing [lot. /See (.lard. ^1'ig., vol. ii. p. 'Jo 

 At Kitley, the -oat of K. P. Bastard, Ks<|., there is a remarkably hardy varii ty of the shaddock, 

 raided on the >p"t, and known as the Kitley shaddock, which is much hardier than most other sorts 

 of Citru-. At Coombo Royal, the seat of John Luscombe, Ksq , are a number of lime, citron, orange, 

 and lemon tree*, of which a description will be found in the (Itird. Mtig., vol. x. p. M. The trees 

 are planted against a south wall, which is divided by buttresses, forming recesses in which the trees 

 are trained in the manner of common fruit trees. " Each recess is 1'JJ ft. wide, and about the same 

 in height ; and is protected, during the winter, by a frame of wood, which is wholly removed in the 

 summer, and partially by day, at other seasons; the trees only requiring to be guarded from sc\ere 

 frost. A more interesting sight cannot well be imagined by the lovers of horticulture, than that 

 which is presented by these trees on a sunny day in winter, when the open frames furnish a display 

 of the richest foliage, and of fruit rivalling the produce of foreign countries. The soil, which is 

 .-eldoin manured, is light and rich, on a slaty substratum, and seems admirably adapted to trees of 

 the citron tribe. The situation in which they are grown is in a .-heltered valley, protected from wind. 

 It i- nece.-.-ary to add, that the lime is grown under glass in winter ; but it is'belicved that the tree 

 would thrive" equally well under wood, and be more secure from frost and storms; a line tree, ill 

 full bearing, having been dc.-troyed, a few years .-nice, by the accidental breaking of a pane or two of 

 L'la-- in winter. The fruit is produced abundantly by the citron, oranges, and lemon.-; by the lime 

 in r, sparingly, from the tree being young, and in a" vigorous growing state ; and, when gathered at 

 a proper period, the fruit is of a line flavour, and full of juice. Citrons are every >ear ripened mea- 



weighm- from ', <<?.. to '.< ox. The leaves are gene-rally 11 in. long,' and V.'in. or 7 in. wide. Sei- </</</ 



M<II>., vol. x. p. ,;<;. 



The genu- Liininiin ;from IIJIHOUH, the Arabic name of the citron, Latinised i- not very w< 11 known ; 

 but it include- thirteen or fourteen >p( cies, all of which bear more or less ati'mity to the genu- Citru-. 

 The species likely to prove hardy or half-hardy are the following, L. Latin olu Dee., a native of Ne- 

 pal, with leave-' I. ke tho-eol 'l) phne Laureola, and white flowers, and which i.- found on the top 

 of cold and lofty mountains, where it is, for Mime months in the year, buried under the snow. The 

 leave- are highly fragrant; and are, like others of a similar kind, Mr. Iio\ le informs us, employed 

 in the n-bgiou- ceremonies o* the inhabitants of the hill.-. There can be no doubt of tin- specie.- of 

 l.iiii-'iini being perfectly hardy. L. c /////'.'//</ Willd. is a native of China, and has white flowers and 

 red berries with simpfe or trifoliate leaves. L. purrijt^ra Hot. Mag., t. 'j-Hii., ha.- impari-pinnate 

 and w lute flower-. It is a native of Chin;'., and' grow- to tin- hi ight of n ft. I .. tinililiui 

 Dec i- -aid to be cultivated in Ivist Klorida ; but very little i.- known of this and the preceding 

 JM-I :t - L. <tu.-/r(i{/.-i i.- a native of New Holland, where it forms a tree 'J.-'i ft. high ; and there is a 

 pi mt oi it at Kew, introduced in is <H. There are four oilier species of this genu.- in our ,-to\e.- and 

 L-reen-hou-es ; but /,. Laun ola remains to be introduced by Mr Roy le, or some other patriotic indi- 

 - idual 



CHAP. XXI. 



OF Till. HAUIJY AND II A i. F-II A K I) V L1C.NI (H S J'l.ANTS OF TUC OHDFR 

 //YI'I.I! F< A CK.i:, AND TKII1K // Y I' Kl< lY JVK. 



/>/s77.\T77/'/-: ("Iin;-(iftt rixlirx. Tiiitlaillifloroil 1 -. ( // /A ) Scj);ils4 or.'j, tun (jti.tl, 

 \\ith ;in iinhricatc ;i'-.tiv;ition. Stamens, in ncark all, miim-rotis, and in .'> 



