506 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



German. Stechpalme, Stecheiche, Stechbaum, Stechlaub, Hulse, Hulsenbauui, Hulscnstraueh, 

 Hulzt, Hulchs, Hoist, Habze, Hullgenolz, Myrtendom, Christdorn, Mausdorn, Zwieseldurn, 

 Kleezebusch, Stechapsel, Stechwinde, Waldistel. 



Danish. Stikpalme, Maretorn, Chnstorn, Skoutisde). 



Swedish. Jernek, Chirsttorn. 



//,-;/(//. Le Houx, le grand Housson, 1'Agron grand Pardon, and Bois Franc. 



Itnlinn. Agrifolio, Alloro spinoso. 



Spanish. Acebo, Agrifolio. 



Portuguese. Azevinho, Agrifolio, Acrifoho, Aginfouo. 



Russian. Waefoscheld, Ostrokof, Padub. 



Dutch. Schubbig hardkelk. 



Engravings. Smith, Eng. Bot, t. 496. ; Mill. Icon. 46. ; Blackw. Icon., t. 205. ; and the plate of 

 the species in our Second Volume. 



Spec. C/iar., $c. Leaves oblong, shining, wavy, spiny-toothed. Peduncles 

 axillary. Flowers nearly umbellate. A handsome, conical, evergreen tree, a 

 native of Europe, growing to the height of 30 ft. in a wild state, and to 

 twice that height or upwards in a state of cultivation. The flowers are white, 

 and appear in May ; and the fruit is red, ripening in September, and re- 

 maining on the tree all the winter. The lower leaves are very spinous j 

 while the upper ones, especially on old trees, are entire. 



Varieties. In general the variegation of plants, more especially of trees and 

 shrubs, is accompanied by a ragged, or otherwise unhealthy, appearance 

 in the leaves ; but the holly is one of the very few exceptions to this rule. 

 The variegations of the holly are chiefly confined to the modification of 

 white and yellow in the leaves ; but there are some sorts in which the 

 variation results from the state of the leaves with reference to prickles, to 

 magnitude, and to form ; and others consist of differences in the colour 

 of the fruit, which is red, yellow, or white, and, according to some, black. 

 All the varieties have been selected by gardeners from sports, or accidental 

 deviations, from the central form and colour, detected in wild plants, or in 

 plants in a state of cultivation. One of the most assiduous gardeners in 

 collecting these varieties, according to Collinson, was Wrench of Fulham, 

 who lived in the latter part of the reign of Charles II., and who planted 

 the elm trees in St. James's Park. The collections of hollies in the time 

 of Miller appear, from his lists, to have been more extensive, and to have 

 been attended to with much more care, than they are at present ; the wish 

 being now more for species than varieties. The best garden collection of 

 hollies in the neighbourhood of London is that in the arboretum of the 

 Messrs. Loddiges ; of which we shall give a classification below. The 

 following sorts are purchasable in the London nurseries, exclusive of 

 twenty or thirty subvarieties, differing in the degrees of variation of yellow 

 or white blotches in the leaves. These subvarieties are, for the most 

 part, without names, and are sold as yellow variegated or white variegated 

 hollies of sorts. Of these subvarieties there are forty or fifty sorts 

 from 6ft. to 10ft. high, all planted adjoining each other in the arbo- 

 retum of the Messrs. Loddiges. Thirty-one varieties are described in the 

 Nouveau Du Hamel, chiefly taken from Miller's Catalogue; but many of 

 these varieties are no longer to be found in British nurseries. It is curious 

 to look over the lists of the names of variegated hollies, which have been 

 given in nurserymen's catalogues and garden books, from the time of Lon- 

 don and Wise to the present day. In former times, as at present, the name 

 given to any new variety was either that of the person who originated it, or 

 that of the place where it was first raised ; so that these lists present a 

 sort of chronological history of nurserymen and nurseries, commencing 

 with Wrench's Phyllis and Bridgman's yellow, named after persons, and 

 terminating with the recent Irish varieties, Ballybegand Ballyarthur hollies, 

 lately sent to the London Horticultural Society, and named after places. 

 The varieties in the following groups appear to us to be all that are truly 

 distinct ; but the shades of difference under each name in these groups are 

 almost innumerable. 

 A. randies designated from the Form, Magnitude, Thickness, Surface, or 



Margin of the Leaf. 

 t I. A. 'I heterophyUum Hort. The various-leared common Holly. 



