CHAP. XXXV. 



BHAMNACEvE, PALILTRUS. 



527 



and Z.dlbens Roxb.arc also natives of the East Indies. /. agrdstis Scliult. and Z. sopartfcrus Schult. 

 are natives of the north of China: and Z. r t i/>, : im/s i> a native oi tin- Cape of Good Hope. All t 

 species being deciduous, we have no doubt that, if once introduced, and tried in very dry soil, against 

 a conservative wall, they would be found half-hardy. 



Z. Jujuba Lam. Dirt , iii. p. ,>1S., /.'li.'unnus Jl.juba Lin. Spec., 282., the wild jujube, a tree growing to 

 the height of 16 It. in India, and cultivated in Cliina and Cochin-China, was introduced into England in 

 1759, but, as far as we know, is now lost. It is figured and described by Itumphius (Amb., ii. t. 36.), and by 

 Kheede (Mai., iv. t. 41.) ; and the following notice respecting it is in Don's Miller .-Leaves obliquely 

 ovate, serrated, downy below, as well as the young branches, hoary. Prickles twin, the one recurved, 

 the other straight. Corymbs axillary, almost sessile. Flowers greenish yellow. Drupe globular, size o 

 a large cherry, smooth and yellow when ripe, containing a 2-celled, 1-seeded nut. There is a variety 

 of this, or a new species, in the East Indies, which produces excellent fruit, of a long form, about 

 the size of a hen's egg, known by the name of marrikeOdnol in Bengal. The fruit of both varieties 

 is eaten by all classes of persons : it is sweet and mealy. The bark of the tree is said to be used in 

 the Moluccas in diarrhcra, and to fortify the stomach ; which seems to confirm the general opinion 

 entertained of the astringent properties of the bark of most of the species of this order. (Don's 

 MM., ii. p. 2<5.) This species, though marked as a green-house plant, will doubtless thrive in the open 

 air, in the winnest parts of the south of England ; but we have introduced it here, because we think 

 it and Zfzyphus /.Mus likely to be desirable fruit-shrubs for Australia, the Cape, and the Himalayas. 

 Highly improved varieties of both species, producing fruit as different from that which they now 

 bear, as the Lancashire gooseberry is from the gooseberry of the woods of Switzerland or California, 

 might probably be obtained by selection and cultivation. 



Various species of Zfzyphus are found in the Himalayas; some of which, growing on the higher 

 parts of the mountains, may probably be found hardy. (See lloyle's Illust , p. 168.) In the garden 

 of the Horticultural Society there is an unnamed species, which has stood two winters against a wall 

 without any protection. 



GENUS II. 



PALIU\RUSL. THE PALIURUS, or CHRIST'S THORN. Lin.Syst. Pentandria 



Trigynia. 



Identification. Tourn. Inst, t.386. ; D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 189.; Dec. Prod., ]. p. 22. ; Don's 



Mill., 2. p. 23. ; Brongn. M5m. Rham., p. 46. 

 Synonymes. Paliure, Porte-chapeau, Fr. 

 Derivation. From pallo, to more, and ouron, urine ; in allusion to its diuretic qualities ; or from 



Paliurus, the name of a town in Africa ; now called Nabil. 



afe 1. P. ACULEAVus Lam. The prickly Paliurus, or Christ s Thorn. 



Identification. Lam. 111., t. 210.; Fl. Fr.,ed. 3., No. 4081. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 17. ; Don's Mill ,2. p. 23. 

 Synonymes. P. petasus Ditm. Cours., G. p. 266. ; P. australis Gcert. Fruct., 1. t. 43. f. 5. ; P. 



vulgaris/X DonProd.Pl Nep., 189. ; flhamnus Paliurus Lin. Spec., 281. ; Zizyphus /'aliurusfFrt/rf. 



Spec., 1. p. 1183., Sims Bot Mag., t. 1893. ; Christ's Thorn, or Ram of Libya Gerard. ; E'pinede 



Christ, Argalon, Porte-chapeau, Fr. ; gefliigelter Judendorn, Ger. 

 Engravings. Lam. 111., t. 210. ; N. Duh., 3. t. 17. ; Gairt. Fruct., 1. 1. 43. f. 5. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1893. ; 



E. or PI., No. 2896. ; our fig. 195. ; and the plates of this species, both in a young and an old state, 



in our Second Volume. 



Spec. Char., $c. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, 

 serrulated, quite smooth, 3-nerved, with two spines 

 at the base, one straight, the other recurved. Flowers 

 in axillary crowded umbellules ; few in an umbellule. 

 Wing of capsule crenated. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 23.) A 

 branching deciduous shrub, or low tree ; a native of 

 the south of Europe, and north and west of Asia, 

 and introduced in 1596. The flowers, which are pro- 

 duced in great abundance, are of a greenish yellow, 

 and they are succeeded by fruit of a buckler shape, 

 flat and thin, but coriaceous. From the singular ap- 

 pearance of this fruit, which has the footstalk at- 

 tached to the middle, which is raised like the crown of a hat, and the 

 flattened disk, which resembles its brim, the French have given this tree 

 the name of portc-chapeau. On both shores of the Mediterranean, it 

 grows to about the same height as the common hawthorn. In the 

 south of Russia, according to Pallas, it forms a bushy tree, with numerous 

 branches, thickly clothed with prickles, coming out in pairs at the buds, one 

 of them bent back, and both very sharp. It is found on the hills near the 

 Lake of Baikal, particularly near warm springs ; it is also found in the south 

 of Caucasus and Georgia, and in the woody mountains of Taurida, where it 

 renders some parts of them almost impervious. In many parts of Italy 



