798 



ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. 



PART III. 



which is 

 inserted 



and their lower ex- 

 tremities are nailed to 

 pieces of wood (c), 

 which, when the fence 

 is put up, are buried 

 in the soil to the depth 

 of 2 ft. or 3 ft., as indi- 

 cated by the dotted 

 line rf, so as to keep 

 the espalier firmly in 

 its place. In the mid- 

 dle of each portion 

 (such as that indicated 

 in the figure) of the 

 espalier, and equidis- 

 tant from the stand- 

 ards of hoop-iron,is the 

 standard of rod-iron 

 (of the same thickness 

 as that used for the 

 horizontal rails), e\ to 

 which these rails are 

 fastened with wire, 

 merely for the pur- 

 pose of keeping them 

 steady, and at regular 

 distances from each 

 other. The espalier 

 may be extended to 

 any length, by insert- 

 ing the ends of the 

 horizontal rods in 

 cylinders of tinned 

 iron, as indicated at/, 

 the tin cylinder, while g g are the ends of two rods which are to be 

 in it ; or they may be joined in the manner of hooks and eyes, which 



is the strongest mode, 

 though not so neat as 

 the other. The iron 

 rods are generally 

 about Jin. in dia- 

 meter, and 16ft. long. 

 Espaliers of this kind, 

 being broader at bot- 

 tom than at top, ad- 

 mit of the rain falling 

 on all the leaves from 

 the top to the bottom ; 

 and, whether they are 

 covered with shrubs or 

 trees, for the sake of 

 their flowers, or for 

 their fruit, they are 

 alike handsome and 

 advantageous. Dif- 

 ferent sorts may be 

 grown on each side of 

 the espalier; or only 

 one sort may be placed 

 J fc^" jf 



