CHAP. XIJI. 



7<>9 



in the centre ; halt' its shoots being trained on one side, and the other half on 

 the other side. We have had an espalier of this kind at Bayswater, covered 

 with gooseberry bushes, since 1824. It has been twice painted with gas tar; 

 and i.s now, ls.'><>, nearly as strong as when it was first put up. The total 

 expense was about Is. 6d. for a foot in length. 



Climbing Roses, treated as Standards, may be modified into various forms. 

 One of the simplest is to train a plant to a pole, of from 10 ft. to 20 ft. in 

 height, formed of a young larch of that length, the side branches of which 

 have been cut oft' within 6 in. of the stem. Three such trees, placed together 

 in the form of a triangle, about 2 ft. on the side at bottom, and terminating 

 at a point about 20 ft. from the ground, produce a very good effect ; and, if 

 desirable, the triangle maybe enlarged at the base, or the base may be formed 

 into a square, and several poles used, so as to give the superstructure the 

 character of a pyramid. Where there is no parterre rosarium, the climbing 

 roses, planted against such pyramids, would form a very good substitute for 

 one. Where the climbing sorts are to form part of a rosarium, and not to be 

 planted on arcades or poles, they may be trained to three iron rods, joined by 

 smaller rods, as exhibited in fig. 536. ; or they may be trained to single rods, 

 terminating in cups, parasols, or mandarin hats, as may be recommended for 

 wistaria, and other twining plants, and as exemplified in figs. 533, 534, and 

 535. Fig. 536. may be executed in a very economical manner, by making 



Y 



the standards of hoop iron, which would be kept steady by the small iron 

 rods passed horizontally through them. It will be observed that this figure 

 terminates in a ball and spike ; the use of the latter is to prevent birds from 

 perching upon the ball, and dirtying the foliage and flowers below. Where 

 a collection of climbers is to be planted in a rosarium, or as a rose avenue 

 in a flower-garden, a simple and permanent support, and one, at the same 

 time, economical in point of expense, may be formed by single larch trees, 

 with the stumps of the branches left on ; or with hoop iron, joined by wires' 

 as recommended above as a mode of executing/g. 536. This mode is parti- 

 cularly suitable where the object is to display flowers the whole height of the 



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