CHAP. XLIII. CALYCANTHA^CEjE. 935 



habitant of the green-house, in, doubtless, as hardy as many plants that are placed against the con. 

 servative wall. 



P. caudfoum Ait (Sot. Mag., t. 2341..: and our fig. 658.) is a shrub, a native of the'Canary Islands ; 

 introduced in 1779, and growing to the height of from 3 ft. to 4 ft. In the green-house, it produces 

 its flowers from January to April, and it is, doubtless, half-hardy. 



Cliffbrtia. \lictfdlia L. (Hort. Elth., t. 31. f. 35.) is a shrub, a native of the Cape of Good Hope, which 

 has been in our green-houses since 1714. It is interesting in its notched, stem-clasping, stiff, toothed 

 leaves; and, with C. obcordata L., another Cape species, well deserves a trial against a conservative 

 wall. Both grow to the height of 3 ft., and flower from May to July, or later. 



CHAP. XLIII. 



OF THE HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THE ORDER CALYCANTHA'CE-ffi. 



ALL the kinds of plants of this order are ligneous : they are included in two 

 genera, Calycanthus Lindl. and Chimonanthus Lindl. Those of the first genus 

 are from North America, and quite hardy in England ; those of the second 

 are from Japan and China, and thrive best, in England (at least, north of 

 London), when trained against a wall. " In the stems of all the plants be- 

 longing to this order, there is the usual deposit of concentric circles of wood 

 around the pith, and, in addition, four very imperfect centres of deposition on 

 the outside next the bark ; a most singular structure, which may be called, 

 without much inaccuracy, an instance of exogenous and endogenous growth 

 combined in the same individual. A good figure of this interesting peculiarity 

 has been given by Mirbel, in the Annales dei m Science& Naturclles, vol. xiv. p. 367., 

 who originally remarked it in one species" and I have since ascertained it to 

 exist in all. It must also be added, that the woody tissue of this order ex- 

 hibits disks extremely like those of Conifers." (Dr. Lindley in his Nat. Syst. 

 of Botany, p. 160.^) The characteristics of the order will be apparent in those 

 of the genera, which are as follows : 



CALYCA'NTHUS Lindl. Calyx with a pitcher-shaped and rather fleshy tube, 

 and a limb consisting of many lobes that are lanceolate, unequal, of a lurid 

 purple colour, rather coriaceous, in many series, and imbricate. These 

 are the sepals and petals, which are not distinguishable. Stamens many, 

 inserted into a fleshy disk at the throat of the tube of the calyx, in many 

 series: they are unequal, deciduous; the J2 outer ones fertile, and the 

 inner ones sterile. Anthers adnate, outward in their position, of 2 cells, 

 which open longitudinally and outwardly. Ovaries many, inserted upon 

 the inner face of the wall of the tube of the calyx, and included within the 

 tube ; each containing 1 2 ovules, and terminated by a style, which extends 

 beyond the tube of the calyx. Stigma simple. Carpel : integument some- 

 what horny ; seed solitary from the abortion of one of the ovules, ascending, 

 its hilum opposite the point of the attachment of the carpel to the calyx. 

 Embryo without albumen, straight ; its cotyledons convolute, its radicle 

 inferior. Shrubs, native of North America. Branches brachiate. Leaves 

 opposite, feather-nerved, rough. Flowers axillary, terminal, lurid purple 

 in colour, sweet-scented. Bark and leaves sweet-scented. (Dec. Prod., iii. 

 p. 1. and 2. ; and Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 160.) 



CHIMONA'NTHUS Lindl. Calyx with oval, obtuse, imbricate lobes resembling 

 bracteas, the inner resembling petals. Stamens nearly equal, persistent ; the 

 5outer ones fertile, in maturity being connate at the base, and covering over 

 the throat of the tube of the calyx. Shrubs, native of Japan and China. 

 Flowers appearing before the leaves, solitarily, from the places of axils of old 

 leaves; extremely fragrant with a sweet odour; yellowish, with a purple 

 interior. Bark and leaves scentless. (Dec. Prod., iii. p. ?. ; and Lindl. Nat. 

 Si/si. nfBof., p. 160.) 



