CHAP. XCVI. 



SANTALCEM. 



1319 



The leaves are 5 in. or Gin. long, oval, rarely denticulated, of a light green 

 above, and glaucous beneath. The flowers are similar to those of the large 

 tupelo (N. grandidentata), but the sexes are borne by separate trees; and 

 Michaux remarks, " as a peculiarity witnessed in no other tree of North 

 America, that the male and female trees are easily distinguished by their 

 general appearance when the leaves have fallen. The branches of the male 

 are more compressed about the trunk, and rise in a direction more nearly 

 perpendicular; those of the female diffuse themselves horizontally, and 

 form a larger and rounder summit. The fruit is supported by long peduncles, 

 and is about l^in. in length, of a light red colour, and of an oval shape. 

 It is thick-skinned, intensely acid, and contains, like that of the large 





to be described by Mr. Humphry Marshall, from Bartram's catalogue, " as 

 a tree of great singularity and beauty, rising to the height of 30ft.; the 

 fruit of which is of a deep scarlet colour, and of the size of a damascene 

 plum. It has an agreeable acid taste, whence it is called the lime tree." 

 Professor Martyn adds that Bartram calls it Nyssa coccinea, and observes 

 that there is no tree which exhibits a more desirable appearance than this, 

 in the autumn, when the fruit is ripe, and the tree is partly divested of its 

 leaves; for then "the remainder looks as red as scarlet, and the fruit is of that 

 colour also." It is the shape of the olive, but larger, and contains an agreeable 

 acid juice. " The most northern habitation of this tree yet known," he adds, 

 " is on the great Ogechee, where it is called the Ogechee lime, from its acid 

 fruit being about the size of limes, and being sometimes used in their 

 stead." There is a plant, bearing the name of N. capitata, in the arbo- 

 retum of Messrs. Loddiges, 6 ft. or 7 ft. high ; which, from its foliage, we 

 have no doubt, is indentical with Michaux's figure. 



4. N. GRANDIDENTA^TA Miclix. The deeply-toothed-/e>rtm/ Nyssa, or 

 Large Tupelo Tree 



Identification. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 40. 



Si/mmi/nics. N. tomentbsa, and N. anguttzans, Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer., 2. p. 259. : N. denticulata Ait 

 ' Hort. K,-w, 3. p. 446., Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1114. ; N. angulosa Pair. ; N. unifldra Wansenh. Amer ' 



ill. 

 Michx. N. Amer. Svlva, 3. 1. 112 



U. OJ>. I I., **. y. 111 1 *. , i 



Virginian Water Tupelo, 'Mart. Mill. 

 Engravings. Wangehh. Amer., t 27. f. 57.'; Catesb. Car., 1. 1. 60. 



. . 



p. 83. ; Wild Olive, Amer. 



and our figs. 1200, 1201. 



Spec. Char., 8(C. Leaf with a long petiole, and a disk that is oblong, acuminate, distantly serrate. 

 Female flowers one upon a peduncle. (Willd. Sp. PL, iv. p. 1114.) The leaves ^re invariably toothed 



The bracteas are rather longer than the ovary. The lobes of "the" calyx 

 are wedge-shaped. The drupe is oblong. (Michaux.} A deciduous 



Micf 



with large pointed teeth. 



tree, a native of North America; which ""Michaux calls ... 

 markable species. of its genus for height and diameter; and which 

 was introduced into Britain in 1735. It grows chiefly 

 in the southern parts of the United States; and 

 Michaux observes that it is always found in company 

 with the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris) and the 

 cypress (Taxodium distichum). In South Carolina and 

 Georgia these trees are constantly found growing with 

 the over-cup oak (guercus lyrata), the water locust 

 (Gleditschia monosperma), the cotton wood (P6- 

 pulus canadi 5 nsis), the Carolinian poplar (Pdpulus 

 angulata), and the water bitter-nut hickory (Ca- 

 rya aquatica) ; intermixed with which they compose 

 the dark impenetrable forests which cover the miry 

 swamps on the borders of the rivers, to the distance 

 of 100 to 200 miles from the ocean. The pre?ence of 

 these trees is considered an infallible proof of the depth 

 and fertility of the soil, and, consequently, of its fitness 

 for the culture of vine. " The rivers, at their annual overflowing, sometimes cover these marshes 

 to the height of 5ft. or 6ft., as is shown by the marks left upon the trees by the retiring 

 waters. Vegetation seems only to acquire new energy from these inundations, and the large 

 tupelo sometimes attains the height of 70ft. or 80 ft., with a diameter of 15 in. or 20 in. imme- 

 diately above its conical base, and 6 ft. or 7 ft. from the ground. This size continues uniform to 

 the height of 25 ft. or 30 ft. At the surface the trunk is 8 ft. or 9 ft. thick. (Michx. N. Amer. 

 Syl., iii. p. 41.) The leaves of the large tupelo are commonly 5 in. or 6 in. long, a<"d 2 in. or 3 in. 

 broad; but on young and thriving plants they are of twice these dimensions. They are of an oval 

 shape, and are garnished with two or three large teeth, which are irregularly placed, and generally 

 only on one si, If of the leaf. When the leaves unfold in spring, they are downy ; but they become 

 smooth on both sides as they expand. The flowers are numerous though single, and are succeeded 

 by fruit of considerable size, and of a deep blue colour, ol which the stone is depressed, and very 



1201 



