CHAP. C. 



1343 



Fi^cvs Tonrn. Flowers inserted upon the interior surface of a hollow glo- 

 bular or pear-shaped fleshy receptacle, in whose tip is an orifice closed with 

 small scales ; minute, many within a receptacle ; those in the upper part 

 male, the rest female ; or the flowers of each sex occupy distinct receptacles 

 upon distinct plants. Male flower. Calyx 3-parted. Stamens 3. Fe- 

 male flower. Calyx 5-cleft, having a tube that invests a threadshaped 

 stalk that bears the pistil. Stalk adnate to the ovary on one side, and 

 extending to the base of the style : the style is inserted rather laterally. 

 Ovary with 1 cell and 1 ovule. Stigmas 2. Fruit a utricle. Seed pen- 

 dulous. Embryo falcate, in the centre of fleshy albumen. Species nume- 

 rous. Trees or shrubs, occurrent in the warmer regions of both hemi- 

 spheres. F. Carica inhabits the south of Europe. Sap white. Leaves 

 alternate, stipulate. Stipules large, convolute, deciduous. (T. Nees ab 

 Etenbecky Gen. PI. Fl. Germ. Most of the characters are taken from F. 

 Carica L.) 



Bo v RYyi Willd. Flowers unisexual : those of the two sexes upon distinct 

 plants. Male flower. Calyx minute, in 4 deep segments. Stamens 2 3. 

 Female flower. Calyx inferior, in 4 deep segments, that are deciduous ; 

 two opposite ones very minute, and in some instances not present. Ovary 

 roundish-ovate : it has 2 cells. Style short. Stigma capitate, depressed, 

 obscurely cloven. Fruit pulpy, oval-oblong, with 1 cell. Seed mostly soli- 

 tary ; its skin membranous, its embryo straight, its albumen horny. Species 

 5 ; 4 native of North America, 1 of the West Indies : all shrubs, with their 

 leaves opposite, or nearly so, mostly smooth and entire; and their flowers 

 minute, axillary, fascicled and bracteated. (Smith, under Bigelovza in Rces's 

 Cycl. ; Nuttall in Gen. ; and observation.) 



GENUS I. 





Tourn. THE MULBERRY TREE. Lin. Syst. Monce x cia Tetrandria. 



Identification. Tourn., quoted by T. Nees ab Esenbeck, in his Gen. PI. Fl. Germ. ; Schreb. Lin. 

 Gen. PI., No. 1424. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 368. ; T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. PI. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. 

 No. 5. 



Synonymes. MCirier, Fr. ; Maulbeere, Ger. 



Derivation. Several derivations have been given for the word A/6rus : some suppose it to be taken 

 from the Greek word morea, or moron, signifying a mulberry or blackberry ; others derive it from 

 mauros, dark ; and Sir J. E. Smith suggests that it may have been taken by antiphrasis from moros, 

 foolish, the mulberry tree, from its slowness in putting out its leaves, being anciently considered 

 the emblem of wisdom. The Morca, in the Levant, is said to be so called from the resemblance 

 of the shape of that peninsula to the leaf of a mulberry. 



Description, $c. Deciduous trees, natives of Europe, Asia, and America, 

 remarkable for their large leaves, which are mostly lobed, and which, in a state 

 of cultivation, are liable to great variation in point of magnitude, form, and 

 texture. They are easily propagated by seeds, layers, cuttings, and trun- 

 cheons ; every part of the mulberry, like the olive, taking root easily, and 

 forming a tree. All the species will serve to nourish the silkworm ; but M. 

 alba, and its varieties, are considered much the best for this purpose. In 

 warm climates, such as Persia, the leaves of M. nigra are sufficiently succulent 

 for feeding the silkworm ; but in colder countries they do not answer equally 

 well. 



1. M. NI V GRA Poir. 



The b\ack-fruited, or common, Mulberry. 



; Hort Cliff., 441. ; Mart Mill., No.2. ; 



Identification. Poir. Ency. Meth., 4. p. 377. ; Lin. Sp. PI., 



Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 369. 

 Synonymes. Morus Dod. Penipt., 810. ; M. fn'ictu nlgro Bauh. Pin., 459. 

 Engravings. Lmiw. Ectypa Veg., t. 114. ; Blackw., t. 126. ; Wats. Dend. Brit, t 159. ; N. Du Ham., 



4. t. 22. ; and the plate in our last Volume. 



Spec. Char. y Sfc. Sexes monoecious, sometimes dioecious. Leaves heart-shaped, 

 bluntish, or slightly lobed with about 5 lobes; toothed with unequal teeth, 



4 T 



