1358 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



check given to the transpiration of the leaves, which turn yellow, and fall off, 

 the tree dying in a few days. Another is the death of the roots, from the 

 formation on them of a parasitic fungus. In both cases, nothing is to be 

 done, but to remove the tree, and replant. The leaves are also apt to be 

 attacked with honey-dew, mildew, rust, and other diseases, which render them 

 unfit for the food of the silkworm. The leaves covered with honey-dew may 

 be washed, and, when thoroughly dry,' given to the insects without injury ; but 

 the other diseased leaves should be thrown away. If leaves covered with 

 honey-dew are given to silkworms without washing, they cause dysentery and 

 death. 



Statistics. The largest white mulberry trees in England are at Syon, where there is one 45 ft. high ; 

 diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 10 in., and of the head 59 ft. ; and which is covered with fruit every year. 

 At Kenwood is one, 38 years planted, which is 33 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 1 in., and of the 

 head 28 ft In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt, 7 years planted, it is 10 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 

 2 in., and of the head 6 ft. In Oxfordshire, in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is ['20 ft. 

 high ; diameter of the trunk 9 in., and of the head 20 ft. In Suffolk, at Ampton Hall, y years planted, it 

 is 9 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 2 in., and of the head 5 ft. In Worcestershire, at Croome, 35 years 

 planted, it is 40 ft high ; diameter of the trunk 12 in., and of the head 40 ft. In Scotland, in Forfar. 

 shire, at Airlie Castle, 8 years planted, it is 8 ft. high ; in Perthshire, at Kinfauns Castle, 8 years 

 planted, it is 5 ft. high ; in Ross-shire, at Brahan Castle, 25 years planted, it is 10 ft. high. In Ireland, 

 at Terenure, near Dublin, 8 years planted, it is 6 ft. high. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, 35 years 

 planted, it is 32 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 36 ft. ; in the Botanic Gar- 

 den, Toulon, 30'years old, it has a trunk 2 ft. 7 in. in circumference. In Saxony, at Worlitz, 50 years 

 old, it is 40 ft high, with a trunk 2 ft. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, in the University Botanic 

 Garden, 30 years planted, it is 45 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 24 ft ; in 

 Rosenthal's Nursery, 18 years old, it is 30 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 4 in. , and of the head 

 25 ft ; at Hadersdorf, 30 years old, it is 18 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 10 in., and of the head 2 ft. ; 

 at Briick on the Leytha, 27 years planted, it is 30 ft. high ; the diameter 01 the trunk 8 in., and 'of the 

 head 12ft In Prussia, at Berlin, at Sans Souci, 25 years old, it is 9ft. high ; the diameter of the 

 trunk 3 in. In Denmark, at Rosenberg, near Copenhagen, 10 years planted, it is 10ft. high. In 

 Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, it is 18 ft high, with a trunk 5 in. in diameter. In Italy, 

 at Monza, 200 years old, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk is 3 ft., and of the head 50 ft. 



Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, from I*. 6d. 

 to2s. Gd.each : at Bollwyller, plants three years old, and transplanted, are 10,v. 

 per thousand ; two years old, 5s. per thousand : at New York, single plants 

 are 37^ cents ; and M. a. multicaulis is from 25 to 30 dollars per hundred, 

 according to the size of the plants. 



The best ivorks on the culture of the white mulberry and the silkworm are, 

 Dandolo's DelFArte di governare i Bacchi da Seta, Milan ; Castelet's Trait 6 

 sur le Murier blanc, Paris : Grognier's Recherches Historiques et Statisqucs 

 sur le Murier, le Ver a Soie, et la Fabrication de la, Soierie, &c., Lyons ; 

 Bonafous's Memoire sur une Education de Vers a Soie, &c., Paris ; Kenrick's 

 American Slue-Grower's Guide, Boston ; Cobb's Manual of the Mulberry Tree, 

 &c., Massachusetts ; Dr. Pascalis's Treatise on the Mulberry, &c., New York ; 

 and Murray's Observations on the Silkworm, London. 



3. A/.(A.)CONSTANTINOPOLITA V NA Poir. The Constantinople Mulberry Tree. 



Identification. Poir. Encyc., 4. p. 381. j Spreng. Syst. Veg., 1. p. 492. 



Synonyme. M. byzantlna Sieb. 



Engraving. N. Du Ham., 4. t 2*. 



Spec. Char., S(C. Leaves broadly ovate, heart-shaped at the base, undivided, serrate, 3-nerved ; 

 glabrous on both surfaces, except at the axils of the veins on the under one, where they are 

 villous. Male flowers in fascicles. (Spreng. Syst. Kg., i. p. 492.) This is a low branching tree, 

 seldom exceeding the height of 10 ft. or 15 ft ; a native of Turkey, Greece, and Crete ; which has 

 been long cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes, but which was not introduced into England till 

 1818. The fruit is short, thick, and, according to Du Hamel, of a deep red, and insipid taste. The 

 leaves are very good for silkworms. This alleged species is considered as only a variety of M. alba 

 by Bosc (Nouv. Cows d'Agric., ix.) ; who says that it is easily recognised by its rough, furro\vc>d, 

 stunted trunk ; its thick and short branches ; its leaves, which are always entire; and its solitary 

 very white fruit It is, he adds, a real monster (un veritable monstre, mais qui se propage toujours 

 le memeV We have little doubt of its being only a variety of M. alba. Du Hamel's description and 

 that of Bosc agree in every particular, except the colour of the fruit. According to M. Madiot, in 

 the Journal de la Soci<!t<! d 1 Agriculture Pratique, M. a. pumila (p. 1350.1 was obtained from seeds of 

 M. (a.) constantinopolitana. Plants of M. constantinopolit^na, in the Bollwyller Nursery, are 3 

 francs each ; at New York, 50 cents. 



2 4. M. (A.) TATA'RICA Pal. The Tartarian Mulberry Tree. 



Identification. Pall. FL Ross , 2. p. 9. 1 52.; Lin. Sp. PL, 1399, ; Mill. Diet., No. 7. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 



4. p. 369. 

 Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 52. ; and our fig. 1225. ; both sprigs taken from one tree. 



Spec. Char., $c. Leaves with a shallow scallop at the base, and either 

 heart-shaped, ovate, or lobed; serrated with equal teeth, smooth; the pro- 



