1362 ARBORETUM AND FRUT1CETUM. PART 111. 



In order to make paper, it is soaked for three or four hours in water; after which 

 the external skin, and the green internal coat, are scraped off, and the strong- 

 est and firmest pieces are selected ; the produce of the younger shoots being 

 of an inferior quality. If any very old portions present themselves, they are, 

 on the other hand, rejected as too coarse. All knotty parts, and every thing 

 which might impair the beauty of the paper, are also removed. The chosen 

 bark is boiled in a lixivium till its downy fibres can be separated by a touch of 

 the finger. The pulp so produced is then agitated in water till it resembles 

 tufts of tow. If not sufficiently boiled, the paper will be coarse, though strong ; 

 if too much, it will be white, indeed, but deficient in strength and solidity. 

 Upon the various degrees and modes of washing the pulp, much also depends 

 as to the quality and beauty of the paper. Mucilage obtained from boiling 

 rice, or from a root called oreni (Kcempf.,4:74:), one of the mallow tribe, is 

 afterwards added to the pulp. The paper is finished much after the European 

 mode, except that stalks of rushes are used instead of brass wires." (Pen. Cyc., 

 art. Broil ssonetj'a) The India or Chinese paper used for taking proofs of en- 

 gravings is thus made. In Otaheite, the bark of this tree is made into dresses. 

 Plants are readily propagated by layers, suckers, or cuttings of the root. 



Statistics. In the environs of I/ondon, the largest plant we know of is in the botanic Garden at 

 Kew, where it is 20 ft. high. In Berkshire, at White Knights, 25 years planted, it is 23 ft. high ; the 

 diameter of the trunk 9J in., and of the head 20 ft. by 13 ft. In Cheshire, at Eaton Hall, 10 years 

 planted, it is 8ft. high ; diameter of the trunk Sin., and of the head 7 ft. In Oxfordshire, in the 

 Oxford Botanic Garden, 14 years planted, it is 25 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 4 in., and of the 

 head 15 ft. In Worcestershire, at Croome, 40 years old, it is 'JO ft. high ; diameter of the -trunk 12in. 

 In Scotland, in Perthshire, at Kinfauns Castle, 8 years planted, it is 5ft. high. In France, at 

 Villers le Bade, 10 years planted, it is 25ft. high. In" the Botanic Garden, Toulon, 20 years planted, 

 it is 25 ft. high; and the diameter of the trunk is 1 ft. 2 in.; at ; Nantes, in the nursery of M. De 

 N'err'u Tfs, ,'j!) years planted, it is 25ft. high : in the Botanic Garden at Avranches, 40 years planted, 

 it is 40ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 7| in., and of the head 30 ft. In Austria, at Vienna, 

 in the University Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is 2-2 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk !) in., 

 and of the head 10ft. : at Laxcnburg, 20 years planted, it is 14 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 

 4 in., and of the head (i ft. : at Hadersdorf, f> years planted, it is 14 ft. high. In Italy, at Monza, 24 

 years planted, it is 40 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 1 ft, and of the head 20 ft. 



Commercial Statistics. Plants, in the London nurseries, are from Is 6d. to 

 2s. 6d. each ; at Bollwyller, 1 franc each ; and at New York, the male plant 

 50 cents each, and the female plant 75 cents. 



GENUS III. 



MACLIPR^ Nutt. THE MACLURA. Lin. Syst. Dice'cia Tetrandria. 



Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Plants, 2. p. 233. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot, p. 178. 

 St/nuni/ >/tt>. Toxylon Rajinesque in 1817, Gard. Max., vol. viii.p. 247. 



Derivation. Named, by Nuttall, in honour of William Mitclun; Esq., of the United States ; an emi- 

 nent natural philosopher. 



f 1. M. AURANTI\\CA Nutt. The orange-like-//^'/^/ Madura, or Oxagc 



Orange. 



Identification. Nutt. Gen, N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 234. 



Synonymes. Bow-wood, Yellow Wood, N. Amer. 



The Sexes. Both male and female plants arc in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the 



Hackney arboretum. 

 Engraving*- Appendix to Lambert's Monog. on the Genus Films, 2. p. 32. ; and oury/V. 1226., in 



which a is the female flower, and b the male. 



Description, $c. The maclura is a deciduous widely spreading tree, with 

 spiny branches, growing to the height of about 30 ft., on the banks of the 

 lied River ; or, according to Nuttall, of 60 ft., in the Arkansas. The leaves are 

 ovate acuminate, of a bright shining green, broad, with a cuspidate point, 

 3 in. or 3| in. long, and about 2 in. broad. The petiole is often 1 in. long. The 

 .spines are simple, rather strong, about 1 in. in length, and produced in tin- 

 axils of the leaves. The flowers are inconspicuous, and nearly green, with a 

 ,li;j,ht tinge of yellow. The fruit, which in si/e and general appearance, at a 

 distance, resembles a large Seville orange, consists of radiating, somewhat 



