1378 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 111. 



it will make shoots 5 ft. or 6 ft. long, as may be seen in the garden of 

 the London Horticultural Society. The manner in which the Chinese 

 procure these miniature trees is, by ringing the extremities of the 

 branches of old trees, and then applying a ball of loam, kept moist 

 by water and moss, till roots are thrown out from the callosity 

 formed at the ring ; when the small branch is cut off, and planted 

 in a porcelain pot, either, says Mr. Main, "round, or, most commonly, 

 an elongated square, 12 in. or 14 in. long, Sin. wide, and about 5 in. 

 in depth. Along with the tree they place pieces of stone, to re- 

 present rocks, among which moss and lichens are introduced. The 

 tree, thus planted, is not allowed to rise higher than about 1 ft. or 

 15 in.; no greater supply of water is given than is just sufficient to 

 keep it alive ; and, as the pot soon acts as a prison, its growth is 

 necessarily impeded : at the same time, every means are used to check 

 its enlargement. The points of the shoots, and the half of every 

 new leaf, are constantly and carefully cut off; the stem and branches, 

 which are allowed to extend only a certain length, are bound and 

 fantastically distorted, by means of wire; the bark is lacerated to 

 produce protuberances, asperities, and cracks ; one branch is partly 

 broken through, and allowed to hang down, as if by accident ; another 

 is mutilated to represent a dead stump : in short, every exertion of 

 the plant is checked by some studied violence or other. This treat- 

 ment produces, in course of time, a perfect forest tree in miniature. 

 Stunted and deformed by the above means, it certainly becomes a 

 curious object, bearing all the marks of extreme old age. Its 

 writhed and knotty stem, weather-stained and scabrous bark ; its 

 distorted and partly dead branches; its diminutive shoots and 

 leaves ; all give it the aspect of antiquity. Various kinds of trees 

 are chosen for this purpose ; but the two most commonly met with 

 are thet/'lmus (campestris)parvifoliasinensis,and a species of .Ficus, 

 very much like F. indica." (Gard. Mag., vol. ii. p. 139.) Grafted 

 standard high on the common English elm, the Chinese elm would 

 form a very handsome small tree. The French name, The de V Abbe 

 Gal/ois, arises from that gentleman, in the reign of Louis XV., having 

 imported this plant from China, supposing it to be the real tea tree. 

 For a very full account of .the Chinese mode of dwarfing trees, 

 see Hort Trans., iv. p. 231. 

 3 U. c. 16 cuculldta Hort. has the leaves curiously curved, something like 



a hood. There is a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. 

 U. c. 17 concaveefolia Hort. resembles the preceding kind. There is a 



tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. 



U. c. ISfiliis aureis Hort. has the leaves variegated with yellow. 

 Other Varieties. In Messrs. Loddiges's Catalogue, ed. 1836, U. c. nana, 

 U. c.foliis maculdtis,\J. di<bia,U. viscdsa, and some others, which are indicated 

 as belonging to this species, are mentioned ; but, with the exception of U. 

 viscosa, of which there is a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, 

 which, in 1834, after being 10 years planted, was 20 ft. high, we can say very 

 little of them, on account of the small size of the plants. 



French Varieties. The following sorts are enumerated in the Nouveau Cours <r Agriculture, and 

 in the Dictionnairc des Eaux et Forcts , and, though we have not been able to identify all of them 

 with the English kinds, and think it very probable that some of them do not belong to U. cam- 

 pestris, yet we have thought it right to place the names before our readers ; in order that collectors 

 of these interesting trees may endeavour to procure them, with a view to adding to the varieties 

 now in cultivation. 



L'Orme a Feuilles larges et rudes, the rough broad-leaved Elm. 



VOrme Tell>l*Ormc\ Ttileul, VOrme de Hollande ; the British, or Lime Tree, Elm. The 

 leaves are not so rough as those of some of the other varieties. 



L'Ormille, VOrme nain, the dwarf Elm, with small, narrow, rough leaves. 



L'Orme. Feuilles lisses et glabres, the shining smooth-leaved Kim, has the leaves of a 

 blackish green, leathery, and unequally divided by the midrib. 



Le petit Orme a Feutlles pnnachf.es de blanc. 



L'Ormf n Feuillex /mr.s panachAes de /ilnnr, tho shining silvery-leaved Elm. 



Le petit Orme a Fcuillcs panachecs dc jaunt', the dwarf golden-leaved Elm. 



