14-54 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



either from the same buds as the leaves, or, more commonly, from different 

 ones. Their florets are almost invariably separated, being all barren on one 

 plant, and fertile on another of the same species. The growth of the dwarfest 

 species, such as S. herbacea, is slow, and, in its native habitat, not above 

 1 in. a year, and often not so much ; that of the larger shrubs, in their native 

 habitats, varies from 5 in. or 6 in. to as many feet, especially when the plants 

 are young, or newly cut down. The growth of some of the kinds cultivated 

 for basket-making or hoops, in good soil, when cut down every year or every 

 two years, is often from 8 ft. to 12 ft. in a single season. The growth of the 

 tree kinds, more especially of S. alba and S. RusselhVzuff, is equally rapid 

 when young ; so that in ten years, in the climate of London, in suitable soil, 

 and within reach of water, these kinds will attain the height of 50 ft. or 60 ft. 

 The branches of most of the tree kinds have an upward direction, and have a 

 flame-like motion in the wind, as in S. alba; but in others they are spreading, 

 as in S. caprea ; and, in one instance, drooping in a very decided manner, as 

 in S. babylonica. 



Anomalies in the Flowers. The flowers have been observed in various cases 

 of anomaly, as to the manner in which they are disposed, or as to the con- 

 stituent parts of themselves. A collection of cases and instances is here 

 presented. Male flowers and female ones have been observed to occur in the 

 same catkin in the following instances : Hoppeana vVHld., as noticed in 

 Willd. Sp. PL, in Koch's Comm., and in Smith's Engl. Fl. ; S. undulata Ehrli., 

 or else S. No. 37. of Treviranus's Obs. Bot. ; S. mirabilis Host's Sal. Austr., i. 

 t. 4-1. ; and S. cinerea, S. aurita, and S. aquatica, as noticed in Engl. Fl. Koch 

 has noticed (Com^i.) two instances under his S. cinerea, which is more com- 

 prehensive than that of Engl. Fl.; S. caprea, as noticed by Koch, and taking 

 the species as he views it ; S. HumboldtzVma, as noticed in Koch Comm. ; S. 

 tenuiflora, as noticed in Host's Fl. Austr., ii. p. 633. ; and S. Forbydna, as no- 

 ticed in Engl. Fl. The following cases are similar to the above, but some of 

 the flowers are in a monstrous state : S. cinerea, as noticed in Engl. FL ; 

 S. aquatica, as noticed in Rees's Cyclo., No. 118.; and S. montana Host Sal. 

 Au.tfr., i. t. 73. The appearance of stamens being changed into pistils has 

 been observed in the following species : S. hermaphroditica L., as noticed in 

 Koch's Comm. ; S. Crowedna, as elucidated in Sal. Wob. ; S. polymorpha of 

 Host's Sal. Austr., as shown there ; S. oleifolia Sm., as noticed in Engl. Fl. ; 

 and S. bicolor Elirh., as cited by Borr. i-n Engl. Bot. Suppl, S. Hoppeawa, 

 besides having the majority of its catkins constituted partly of male flowers 

 and partly of female ones, has, in some instances, in the tipper flowers of a 

 catkin, the middle one of the three stamens of a flower changed into a perfect 

 ovary ; and, hence, the flower seems as if comprising two stamens and an 

 ovary. (Koch's Comm.) Smith has noticed what may be a distinct case ; 

 viz. that in S. fragilis the stamens are not unfrequently accompanied by an 

 imperfect pistil. (Engl. Fl.) The combination of the filaments, in some kinds, 

 is a relative subject. Mr. Borrer considers the instance observed in S. 

 Crowedna a monstrosity. (Engl. Bot. Suppl., t. 2655.) He adds that the 

 stamens " are represented as changing into " ovaries, " as those of S. Mcolor 

 Ehrh. y and of some of the common sallows, have been observed to do." It is 

 likely that Mr. Borrer would apply the same remark to every instance of the 

 filaments occurring in a state of combination. The following is a list of kinds 

 in which the filaments have been observed in this state ; and the practical cul- 

 tivator may instruct himself by investigating, relatively to the above remark, 

 as many of the following species as may come under his notice when in 

 flower: S. riibra Huds., noticed in Eng. Fl. ; S. concolor of Host's Sal. Ausrr. 

 (whether this be the same as the S. riibra Huds., as the synonyme cited 

 under it indicates, or different) ; S. Croweana in Eng. Fl. ; S. riparia, as 

 shown in Host's Sal. Austr., i. t. 58.; S. linearis Forbes, as depicted in Sal. 

 Wob.', S. intermedia of Host's Sal. Austr., i. t. 56., as shown there ; S. parvi- 

 flora Ibid., i. t. 49. ; S. discolor Ibid., i. t. 60. ; IS montana Ibid., i. t. 73. 

 f. 4.; S. lanata L., as shown in Eng. Bot. Snppl. ,- and ,V. dadostcmina of 



