1656 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



high rocky places between Canada ancl Virginia, and 

 about the western lakes ; where it forms a tree from 

 70 ft. to 80 ft. high. (Pursh.) When introduced is 

 uncertain ; the P. lasvigata of Aiton, which is often 

 confounded with this plant, and of which there are 

 plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden and in 

 Loddiges's arboretum, being a variety of P. tremula. 

 It flowers in March and April. According to Michaux, 

 the trunk of the Canadian poplar is furrowed, even 

 in its old age, as well as on its young branches. It is 

 remarkably hardy, growing in the Atlantic states, on 

 the river Missouri, 1500 miles from its confluence 

 with the Mississippi ; while the Carolina poplar (P. ^ ! | 1515 



angulata), which is often confounded with it, is not 

 found above 100 miles from the confluence of the two rivers; and its 

 annual shoots are frozen, both there and in Europe, by a degree of cold 

 that does not appear to have the least effect on those of P. canadensis. 

 In Britain, the Canadian poplar used to be very commonly propagated in 

 nurseries, and extensively introduced into plantations ; but, within the last 

 30 years, the black Italian poplar (P. monillfera) has been substituted for it. 

 Bosc says that the Canadian poplar approaches nearer to P. nigra than 

 any other species, and that it is the best of all poplars for planting, where 

 the production of timber, with a view to profit, is the object. This cor- 

 responds perfectly with the character of P. monilffera in this country, 

 which -we suppose to be an improved variety of P. canadensis. The 

 natural uses of the tree are the same as those of P. nigra ; the young shoots 

 being given to horses, as their food, on the banks of the Missouri ; and the 

 branches being eaten by beavers. The Canadian poplar is propagated by 

 cuttings of the young wood, about 18 in. long, put in during autumn. " It is 

 remarkable," Bosc observes, " that the first shoots produced from these 

 cuttings are always curved at the lower extremity; though in a few years 

 this curvature entirely disappears. The same thing," he says, " takes place 

 with the cuttings of P. monilffera." The fine poplar avenues in the lower 

 parts of the gardens of Versailles are formed of this species. 



Statistics. In England, in the environs of London, at Mount Grove, Hampstead, 14 years planted, 

 it is 30ft. high ; in Surrey, at Walton upon Thames, 42 years planted, it is 110ft. high, the diameter 

 of the trunk 3 ft. 8 in , and of the head 60 ft. ; in Worcestershire, at Hadzor House, 22 years planted, 

 it is 55 ft. high. In Scotland, near Edinburgh, at Gogar House, it is 100 ft. high, the diameter of 

 the trunk 2 ft. 5 in., and of the head 30 ft. In Ireland, near Dublin, in the Cullenswood Nursery, 

 10 years planted, it is 50 ft high ; in Fermanagh, at Florence Court, 30 years planted, it is 70 ft. 

 high. In Belgium, at Ghent, in the Botanic Garden, it is 100ft. high. In Saxony, at Worlitz, 

 60 years old, it is 60 ft. high, with a trunk lift, in diameter. In Bavaria, in the Botanic Garden, 

 Munich, 81 years old, it is 60ft. high, with a trunk 18 in. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, 

 in the University Botanic Garden, 60 years old, it is 48ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 

 17 in., and of the head 24 ft. ; in RosenthaPs Nursery, 20 years planted, it is 53ft. high, the diameter 

 of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 22 ft. ; at Briick on the Leytha, 40 years old, it is 70ft.high, the 

 diameter of the trunk 3 ft., and of the head 36 ft. 



Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 5s. per 

 hundred; or single plants, of some height, 1*. each; at Bollwyller, li franc 

 each ; at New York, 25 cents. 



9. P. (N.) .Z?ETULIFO V LIA Pursh. The Birch-leaved Poplar. 



Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 619. ; Spreng. Syst. Veg., 2. p. 244. 



Synonymes. P. nigra Michx. Fl. Amer. Bar., 2. p. 244. ; P. hudsonica Michx. Arb., 3. p. 293. t. 10. 



f. 1., North Amer. Syl., 2. p. 230. ; P. hudsoniana Bosc, and Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; American black 

 Poplar, Amer. ; Peuplier de la Baie d' Hudson, />. 

 The Sexes. It is uncertain whether it is the male or female plant that is in European collections. 



lar, Amer. ; Peuplier de la Baie d' Hudson, /<>. 

 exes. It is uncertain whether it is the male or f 

 Engravings. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 10. f. 1. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. t. 96. f. 1. ; and our fig. 1516. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Young branches yellow. Branchlets hairy when young. Pe- 

 tioles yellow, and also hairy when young. Disk of leaf rhomboid, but much 

 acuminated ; toothed in every part of the edge ; hairy on the under sur- 

 face when young, but afterwards glabrous. (Pursh.) The catkins are 

 4 in. to 5 in. long, and destitute of the hairs which surround those of several 

 other species. {Michx. jun.) A tree, growing to the height of 30ft. or 



