CHAP. CV. CORYLA^CE^E. QUE'llCUS. 1821 



and found their necks full of troublesome tumours ; whilst he himself suffered 

 for several days from having handled them. In these respects, they are very 

 similar to the celebrated Pityocampa of the ancients, and which is the cater- 

 pillar of another species of this genus, which feeds upon the fir. *Pcecilo- 

 campa populi, *IIypogymna dispar (the gipsy moth), *Psilura monacha 

 (the black arches), *Dasychira fascelina (the dark tussock), * Psyche fusca, 

 and f Limacodes Testudo. Amongst the Lithoslida;, *Callimorpha miniuta, 

 *Lithosia complana (the common footman), *L. quadra (the four-spotted 

 footman), *Gnophria rubricollis. 



Amongst the ^octuidcc, * Semiophora gothica, f Orthosia instabilis, *O. 

 gracilis, *O. munda, *O. cruda, *O. stabilis, *Glae'a satellitia, -f-Amphipyra 

 pyramidea, f Xylina rhizolitha, *X. petrificata, *Miselia aprilina (the beau- 

 tiful marvel du jour moth), f Polia seladonia, *Apatela aceris, f Diphthera 

 Orion, *D. ludifica (British ?) -f-Ceropacha diluta, -j-C. ridens, -j-Cymatophora 

 O^o, *C6smia trapezina, -j-Xanthia croceago, and -j-X. rufina, -j-Catephia 

 Ieuc6melas, *Catocala fraxini (the great blue under-wing moth, similar to 

 C. elocata, p. 1484. fig. 1293., but 4 in. in expanse, and having the ground 

 of the under wings blue instead of red), f Catocala pacta, f C. sponsa, 

 and fC. promissa, three very beautiful, but small, species of this genus, with 

 the ground colour of the under wings scarlet), and *Brepha notha. 



Amongst the Geomctridce are, f Anisopteryx leucophearia, *Hybernia capreo- 

 laria and *H. defoliaria (which are occasionally very destructive in oak copses), 

 *Phigalia pilosaria, *Biston prodromarius (the great oak beauty), * B. betu- 

 larius (the peppered moth), * Himera pennaria, * Crocah's elinguaria, several 

 species of thorn moths (several of which are figured in all their states, and 

 in a most admirable manner, by M. Lyonnet, in his Posthumous Memoirs, 

 rec( 

 am 

 tana, 

 and 



punctaria, * Eurymene dolabraria. Amongst the Platyptericidce, Pi/rdlida;, 

 Tortricidce, Tinad&y and other remaining lepidopterous families, composed 



,< _ r> it __ i _c *.- * __i. r_ _ j i i 



f Phycita roborella, Adela Geerella (Lyonnet Mem. Posth., pi. 19. f. 1725.; 

 Tinea sequella (Id., pi. 19. f. 26.), the cocoon of which is an exceedingly 

 interesting geometrical construction, described in detail by Lyonnet. 



Amongst the Leaf-feeding Species, the majority are external feeders, neither 

 concealing themselves in cases, nor rolling themselves up in leaves ; but some, 

 especially amongst the smaller species, do not agree with these in their habits, 

 and adopt various methods of defence, which render an examination of the 

 different inhabitants of this tree an object of the greatest interest. Of these 

 some roll up several leaves into a ball of considerable size (Reaum. Mem., torn. i. 

 pi. 15. f. 3., and pi. 32. f. 4, 5.), which latter represents the habitations of 

 the scarlet under-wing moths above mentioned ; others, again, construct their 

 boat-shaped cocoons of strips of oak leaves (Ibid., pi. 38. fig. 7.) ; others, 

 again, roll up the leaves in various directions (as JVSrtrix viridana, above men- 

 tioned, p. 1818.; Reaum., torn. ii. pi. 13, 14, 15, 16.); others feed upon the 

 parenchyma of the leaf, raising, as it were, large circular blisters, the upper 

 and under surfaces of the leaf remaining unconsumed. (Rcaum., torn. iii. pi. 3.) 

 Some form tortuous labyrinths within the leaf, similar to those of the rose- 

 leaf miners ; and some live in little cases of leaves, or silk, which they carry 

 about with them. (Ri'anin., torn. iii. pi. 7.) 



Amongst the Coleopterous Insects, the common cockchafer (^carabae^us 

 vl/elolontha Lin. t .Melolontha vulgaris Fab., fig. 1648. a), is the most obnoxious 

 of the leaf-eating species. The egg of this terrible devastator is white, and is 

 deposited in the ground, where it soon changes into a soft whitish grub with 



