189* 



ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. 



PART III. 



gitudiually marked with a few reddish lines; and 

 they are so abundant as sometimes to cover the 

 branches. The bear oak is common in the northern 

 states, also in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsyl- 

 vania. It is never found insulated, or mingled with 

 other trees and shrubs in the forest; but always in 

 tracts of several hundred acres in extent, which it 

 covers almost exclusively, a few specimens of the 

 chinquapin oak (Q. Prinus piimila) only breaking its 

 uniformity. The presence of this oak is considered 

 a sure indication of a barren soil ; and it is usually 

 found on dry sandy land mingled with gravel. This 

 oak was first observed by Banister, after whom it 

 was named by some authors ; it was not, however, 

 till 1800, that it was brought to this country by the 

 Messrs. Fraser, to whom we owe the introduction 

 of many species of American oaks. The tree is too 

 small for the wood to be of any use ; but the acorns 

 afford an abundant supply of food to deer, bears, and 

 swine, which, from the low stature of the plant, can " reach them by lifting their 

 heads, or rising on their hind feet." The younger Michaux saw it used for 

 hedges ? and he suggests that it might be planted as copse-wood, as it would 

 afford food, as well as an excellent shelter, for game ; also, that, as it will grow 

 in the most sterile soil, and resist the most impetuous winds, it might serve as 

 a nurse to plantations in exposed situations, such as the dykes in Holland. 

 The larva of Phalge'na (Orgyia) leucostigma Sm. and Abb. Ins., t. 79., the pale 

 vapourer moth, feeds on the leaves of this species. 



24. Q. HETEROPHY'LLA Michx. The various-leaved, or Bartram's, Oak. 



Identification. Michx. Amer. Syl., 1. p. 75. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept, 2. p. 627. 



Engraving. Michx. Amer. Syl., t. 18. 



Spec. Char. Leaves on long footstalks, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire or unequally toothed. 



Cup hemispherical. Nut roundish. (Michx.} A tree, 30 ft. high. 



Description, 8fc. It is a remarkable fact, that, notwithstanding the apparent distinctness of this 

 oak, only one specimen of it has been found in a wild state, and that was discovered by Michaux, in 

 a field belonging to Mr. Bartram, on the banks of the Schuylkill, 4 miles from Philadelphia. This 

 was a flourishing tree, 30ft. high, with a trunk 12 in. in diameter. The leaves are of an elongated 

 oval form, coarsely and irregularly toothed, smooth above, and of a dark grceiv beneath. The acorns 

 are round, of a middle size, and contained in shallow cups, lightly covered with scales. It is said to 

 have been introduced, but we do not know where it is to be obtained. 



* 25. Q. AGRIFO N LIA Willd. The prickly-leaved American Oak. 



Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 434. ; Nees in Ann. des Scien. Nat., 3. p. 271. ; Fisch. Misc. Hisp., 

 1. p. 108.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. (527. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 156. ; Smith in Rees's Cycl., 

 No. 29. 



Engraving. ? Pluk. Phyt., 1. 196. f. 3. 



Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish-ovate, somewhat heart-shaped ; smooth on both sides, with spinous 

 teeth. Fruit axillary, sessile. Scales of the calyx lax. Nut ovate. (Willd.} A native of the 

 western coast of North America, near Nootka Sound. It has not been introduced. 



vii. Phellos. Willow Oaks. 



II 



LJfc 



Sect. Char.) Sec. Leaves quite entire and lanceolate, dying off without much 

 change of colour, in England ; but, in America, sometimes persistent for 

 two or three years. Young shoots straight, spreading, and wand-like. 

 Bark very smooth, black, and never cracked. Fructification biennial. Cup 

 imbricate. Nut roundish, and very small. Large trees and shrubs, the least 

 beautiful in their foliage of the oak family. 



If 26. Q. PHE'LLOS L. The Willow Oak. 



Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1412. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 423. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed.2.,5. p. 287. ; Pursh 



