CHAP. CXIII. 



CONI'FER^E. PI'NUS. 



2153 



on short footstalks. Buds ovate, blunt-pointed, and more or less covered 

 with resin. 



A. Cones having the Scales without Prickles. 

 1 1. P. SYLVE'STRIS L. The wood, or Scotch, Pine, or Scotch Fir. 



Identification. Lin. Sp. PL, 1418. ; Willd. 4. 494. : Ger. Emac., 1356. : Hook. Scot., 215. ; Dura. Bot. 

 Cult, 6. p. 456. ; Wooclv. Med. Bot, 570. t. '207. ; Smith Fl. Br., 1. 1031. : Huds. Angl., 423. ; 

 With. Arr., ed. 3. 615. ; Pall. Ross., 1. p. 1. 5. ; Vill. Dauph., 3. p. 804. ; Mill, lllust, t. 82. ; Du 

 Roi Harbk., ed. Patt, 2. p. 16. ; Hunt. Evel. Syl., 1. p. 274. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 159. ; Willd. Baum., 

 p. 265. : Hayne Dend., p. 172. ; Jaume St. Hilaire, t. 55. ; Rich, tur les Conif., p. 55. ; Hoss An- 

 leit., p. 3. ; Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 1. ; Hook. Br., p. 406. ; N. Du Ham., 5. p. 230. ; Lamb. Pin., 

 ed. fol. 1. 1. 1., and ed. 8vo, 1. t. 1. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 125 ; Mackay Fl. Hibern., p. 258. ; 

 Lindl. Synop., p. '241. ; Pouchet Bot appliqu^e, 2. p. 666. ; Laws. Man., p. S28. 



Synonymes. P. fbliis blnis, &c., Hall. Helv., No. 1660. ; P. rubra Mill. Diet., No. 3. ; P. sylvestris 

 communis Ait. Hort. Kew.,3. p. 366. ; P., No. 29. Gmel. Sib., 1. p. 178, ; Pin Sauvage, Pin d'Ecosse, 

 Fr. ; gemeine Fohre, gemeine Fichte, Kiefer, Taune, and 55 other names, which are given in 

 Hayne's Abbildung., Ger. ; Pynboom, Dutch ; Pino sylvatico, Ital. ; Pino sylvestre, Span. ; Fyrre, 

 Dan. and Swed. ; Sosna, Pol., Boh., and Russ. 



Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., t.207. ; Pall. Ross., t. 2. f. 1.; Mill. Illust, t. 82. ; Hunt. Evel. 

 Syl., p. 274. ; Black., 1. 190. ; Eng. Bot, 35. t. 2460. ; Lamb. Pin., 2d ed., 1. 1. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 5. 

 t. 66. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 138. ; Hayne Abbild., 1. 153. 



Spec. Char. y $c. Leaves rigid, in pairs. Young cones stalked, 

 recurved. Crest of the anthers very small. (Smith.) Buds 

 (fig. 2043.) ovate, blunt-pointed, from i in. to ^ in. long,and in. 

 wide in the broadest part ; white, with a reddish tip, the white 

 produced by resinous exudation. The central bud generally with 

 5 or 6 smaller ones round it. Leaves (fig. 2044. b.) from 1 in. to 

 2f in. long, somewhat waved and twisted, slightly concave on the 

 upper, and convex on the under surface ; light bluish green, 

 finely serrulated on the edges ; the sheath lacerated and slightly 

 ringed. Cones (fig. 2044. a) from 2 in. to 3 in. long, and from 

 1 in. to lin. broad. Scales (fig. 2044. d) from 1 in. to 1 in. 2043 

 long, terminating in an irregular four-sided projecting point, often re- 

 curved. Seeds, with the wing (c), from 1 in. to lin. long; without the 



2044 



wing, from -f v in. to n. 

 long ; dark-coloured. Coty- 

 ledons (fig. 2045.) 5 to 7. 

 A tall, straight, hardy, long- 

 lived tree, from 60 ft. to 

 100 ft. high ; a native of most 

 parts of Europe, flowering in 

 May and June, and ripening 

 its cones about 18 months 

 afterwards ; the most valu- 

 able, for its timber, of all the 

 European species of Pinus. 



Varieties. Like all trees which 

 have an extensive geographi- 

 cal range, and grow on almost 

 every kind of soil, and at 

 great elevations as well as in 

 plains, the varieties and vari- 

 ations of the Scotch pine 

 are exceedingly numerous ; 

 both as respects the exterior 

 appearance of the tree, and 

 the quality of its timber and 

 resinous products. On poor 

 soils, at great elevations, it 

 becomes a diminutive shrub 

 timber tree, the wood on 



without resin, and of little duration ; while on other soils, of a colder and 

 more substantial nature, it is red, heavy, and of great durability. It 

 appears, also, that the same soil will produce both white-wooded, and red- 



and in low situations, where it is a lofty 

 some light sandy soils, is white, almost 



