CHAP. CXIII. CONI'FER^E. CUIMlE'SSIN-ffi. 



In (icrmnni/, the principal collections, next to that in the Botanic Garden 

 Berlin are : at Worlitz, in Saxony; at Harbcke, in Hanover; at Briick on the 

 Leytha, near Vienna ; in the University Botanic Garden, Vienna; and in 

 the Botanic Garden, Gottingcn. The nursery in Germany in which there 

 is the most complete collectionof Coniferae is that of Messrs. Booth, Ham- 

 burg, who also keep the best assortment of pine and fir seeds. 



In Russia, there are collections in the Imperial Botanic Garden, St. Peters- 

 burg; and in the Government Garden at Nikitka, in the Crimea, 



In Denmark, there is a collection in the Royal Gardens, Rosenburg, 

 Copenhagen. 



In Sweden, in the Botanic Garden at Lund. 



In Italy, in the Botanic Garden at Monza, near Milan. 



THE Cupressinae differ from the ^bietinae in being for the greater part 

 shrubs or low trees, instead of lofty trees. They are all evergreen, with the 

 exception of one species of Taxodium (T. distichum, the deciduous cypress) ; 

 and none of them have the branches disposed in whorls, as is the case with all 

 the pines and firs without exception. The greater part of the species are 

 natives of warm climates, and comparatively few of them are perfectly hardy in 

 British gardens. One only, the common juniper, is a native of Britain; but 

 between 30 and 40 foreign species and varieties endure the open air in 

 England; and 8 or 10 of these (exclusive of Taxodium), which have been 

 not less than 30 or 40 years in the country, and which have had time to 

 display their shapes, form very handsome or remarkable evergreen low trees, 

 or tall shrubs ; such as the red cedar, the white cedar, the eastern and western 

 arbor vitae, the Phoenician and tall juniper, the cedar of Goa, the com- 

 mon and spreading cypress, &c. The greater number of the species or 

 alleged species have, however, been but a short time in British nurseries, and 

 are onty to be seen as very young plants in the nurseries, or in very choice 

 collections. These lately introduced kinds are so imperfectly known among 

 cultivators, that little dependence is to be placed on the names which 

 are applied to them ; and therefore all that we can recommend is, that 

 they should be as extensively introduced into collections as possible, in order 

 that they may grow up to some size, and be examined in various situations 

 by different botanists. In collecting, with a view to this object, some of the 

 alleged kinds will doubtless turn out duplicates, but the only objection to 

 this, in the case of such very rare and interesting evergreens, is the first cost, 

 which is comparatively a trifle. It may be observed of all the species of 

 C'upressinae, that it is not easy to describe by words, and scarcely practicable 

 to illustrate by figures, without the fruit, many of the different species of this 

 family ; nevertheless, to a practised eye, it is easy to distinguish the three 

 leading genera, viz. Thuja, 6\ipressus, and Junfperus, by a portion of the 

 branch, without either flowers or fruit The flattened, two-edged, scaly, imbri- 

 cated shoots of all the thujas, including Callitris (which ma}', if the reader 

 chooses, be considered a subgenus), are two-edged, whether the specimen 

 be young or old ; those of fupressus are scaly and imbricated, but angular 

 or roundish, and never two-edged; and those of ./unfperus, in the young 

 state of the plants, have distinct acerose leaves, generally glaucous above, and 

 often in threes joined at the base. 



Propagation and Culture. All the kinds may be propagated by layers and 

 cuttings ; and the most common species ripen seeds in Britain in abundance. 

 The seeds, which generally lie a year in the ground, may be sown in spring ; 

 and the young plants may be treated in all respects like those of the pine 



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