2500 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



very bitter taste. The male flowers are disposed in small 

 catkins, on peduncles covered with little imbricated leaves, 

 and are dispersed laterally along the youngest branches. 

 The female flowers are generally produced on separate 

 trees, and are disposed in the same manner : they are 

 succeeded by oval berries, of a blue so deep as to be 

 almost black, and are about the size of a currant : they 

 generally contain only one seed, which is long, oval, and 

 somewhat compressed. The variety J. S. famariscifolia is a 

 much lower shrub, with spreading branches, and longer 

 leaves, which are only half-opened. (N. Du Ham.) Miller 

 says that the cypress-leaved savin is by many supposed to 

 be only an accidental variety ; but the branches grow more erect, the leaves are 

 shorter, and end in acute points, which spread outwards. It rises to the height 

 of 7 ft. or 8 ft., and produces great quantities of berries ; whereas the tamarisk- 

 leaved savin very rarely produces either flowers or seeds in British gardens. 

 (Mart. Mill.)Tlns last-mentioned variety sends out its branches horizontally, 

 and seldom rises more than 3 ft. or 4 ft. high, but spreads to a considerable dis- 

 tance every way. The leaves are very short, acutely pointed, and running over 

 each other along the branches, with the ends pointing upwards. The berries are 

 smaller than those of the common juniper, but of the same colour, and a little 

 compressed. The savin is a native of Spain, Italy, part of France, and the 

 Levant. Professor Pallas says that it is also found in the Taurian Cherso- 

 nese, where it often has a trunk 1 ft. in diameter, and an upright habit of 

 growth, like a cypress ; whereas in the Tanais it is procumbent, the branches 

 extending on the sand several fathoms. The wood very much resembles that 

 of J. lycia, but has a more unpleasant smell. (Mart. Mill.) Both the two 

 first-mentioned varieties, or, rather forms of the species, were in cultivation in 

 British gardens before 1548, as they are mentioned in Turner's Names of 

 Herbes, Etc., published in that year. The leaves of the savin are used in me- 

 dicine, as a diuretic; but, if taken in large quantities during pregnancy, as well 

 in the human species as in domestic animals, will produce abortion. When 

 dried and pulverised, they are used for cleansing foul ulcers. The upright savin 

 was formerly much used in England, and still is in some parts of France, in 

 topiary work, as it bears the sheers very well. In France, it is employed in the 

 same manner as the common juniper, to form screens (rideaux de verdure), and 

 to cover walls which it is wished to conceal. The Baschkirs, a people of Russia, 

 between the Volga and the Oural, use fumigations of savin to cure the dis- 

 eases of children ; they also believe it to have a great effect against witches, 

 for which purpose they hang branches of it at the doors of their houses. The 

 ancient Germans, it is said, gave savin to their chargers to give them ardour. 

 In Britain, the savin is a very common ornamental evergreen, thriving in the 

 poorest soils, and in exposed situations; in the latter remaining an humble 

 prostrate shrub, and in the former attaining a considerable size. Price of 

 plants, in the London nurseries, of the species 6d. each, and of the varieties 

 Is. 6d.; at Bollwyller, of the species 1 franc 50 cents, and of the varieties 2 

 francs; and at New York, 50 cents each. 



L 8. J. D AFRICA Pall. The Dalirian Juniper. 



Identification. Pall. Ross., 2. p. 13. t. 55. ; Gmel. Sib., 1. p. 185. No. 55. ; And. Rep., 534. ; Mart. 



Mill., No. 12. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5. p. 414. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 

 Engravings. Pall. Ross., t. 55. j our Jig. 2365. to our usual scale ; and Jig. 2366. of the natural size. 



Spec. Char. y $c. Leaves opposite, acute, imbricate-decurrent, spreading, and 



awl-shaped, (Willd.) A prostrate shrub, a native of Daliria. Introduced 



in 1791, by John Bell, Esq., and flowering from June to August. 



Description, $c. The limbs of this juniper are large and very thick, and are 



usually found lying prostrate on the rocks. The branches are dichotomous, 



and covered with imbricated young leaves, and the remains of old leaves, 



which change into acuminate scales before they fall off. The leaves differ in 



